液相色谱-串联质谱法在双壳贝类麻痹性贝毒检测中的应用及影响因素研究进展

Application of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Paralytic Shellfish Poison in Bivalve Shellfish and Its Influencing Factors

麻痹性贝毒(paralytic shellfish poison,PSP)是危害最大、分布最广的海洋生物毒素,给人类健康、渔业经济及海洋环境带来巨大威胁。双壳贝类是消费者摄入PSP的主要来源,随着PSP中毒事件频发,全球对双壳贝类中PSP检测技术的要求越来越高。本文首先介绍PSP理化性质,其次从前处理提取净化、仪器条件、基质效应、方法验证方面对液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)法在双壳贝类中PSP检测中的优劣势进行总结,经对比分析发现,目前1%乙酸已成为LC-MS/MS检测技术中最常用的PSP提取试剂,石墨化炭黑填料和亲水相互作用液相色谱分别更适用于净化、分离双壳贝类中PSP提取物,影响基质效应的因素主要为内源性干扰如磷脂、蛋白质等,外源性干扰如检测方法中有机物和聚合物残留等杂质。本文重点分析LC-MS/MS研究发展趋势,以期为双壳贝类中PSP的检测提供参考,也为贝类养殖产业绿色发展及政府监管提供技术支持。

Paralytic shellfish poison(PSP)is one of the most hazardous and widely distributed marine biotoxins,posing a significant threat to human health,fishery economy,and marine environment.Bivalve shellfish is the primary source of PSP for consumers.With the frequent occurrence of PSP poisoning incidents,there is a growing global demand for PSP detection technology in bivalve shellfish.This article begins by introducing the physicochemical properties of PSP.It then summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)in the detection of PSP in bivalve shellfish from four aspects:pretreatment extraction and purification,instrumental conditions,matrix effects,and method validation.Comparative analysis reveals that 1%acetic acid is the most commonly used extraction solvent in LC-MS/MS analysis of PSP.Graphitized carbon black(GCB)packing and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography(HILIC)are more suitable for the purification and separation of PSP extracts from bivalve shellfish,respectively.The major factors affecting matrix effects includes endogenous interferences such as phospholipids and proteins and exogenous interferences such as organic substances and polymer residues in the detection methods.This article focuses on the research and development trend of LC-MS/MS to provide references for the detection of PSP in bivalve shellfish and to offer technical support for the green development of the shellfish aquaculture industry and government regulation.