粮食气味物质的提取、关键组分判别及其在储藏中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Extraction and Identification of Key Components of Grain Odorants and Their Applications in Grain Storage

粮食气味物质受粮食种类、储藏条件、储藏时间及是否受有害生物污染等多种因素影响,气味物质种类及含量能够及时反映粮食是否变质或受有害生物危害。首先,本文概述目前常用的粮食气味物质的提取和鉴定技术,总结不同状态粮食气味物质组成,发现烷烃类、酸类、醛类和醇类等物质赋予粮食特有的气味,而不同的储藏环境和粮食状态下,其气味物质存在较大差异。其次,探讨粮食中特征气味物质的分析方法,梳理粮食关键气味物质可能的代谢途径,归纳水稻和小麦中特征气味物质,其中稻谷中特征气味物质2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉的生成机制也已得到初步确认。最后,对气味物质在粮食安全储藏领域的应用进行概述,提出深入分析、挖掘粮食气味物质数据,构建新型预测模型以快速、精准检测粮食品质将成为未来粮食气味物质研究领域的重要方向;同时,部分气味物质也被证实对粮仓中有害生物具有防控作用,将成为未来研发新型绿色储粮药剂的重要来源。

The composition of grain odorants can be influenced by various factors,such as the type of grain,storage conditions,storage duration and pollution of harmful organisms.The type and content of odor substances can timely reflect whether grains are spoiled or damaged by harmful organisms.In this paper,we summarize the techniques used for the extraction and identification of grain odorants and the composition of odorants in grains in different states,revealing that alkanes,acids,aldehydes,alcohols and other substances impart a unique odor to grains.However,the composition of grain odorants varies greatly depending on the storage environment and the conditions of grains.Then,we discuss the analytical methods for the determination of the characteristic odor compounds in grains and review the possible metabolic pathways of the key odorants in grains.In addition,we summarize the characteristic odorants in rice and wheat including 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP),whose formation mechanism in rice has been tentatively confirmed.Finally,we outline the application of odorants in the field of food security and storage,and we suggest that in-depth analysis and mining of data on grain odorants and development of new predictive models for rapid and accurate detection of grain quality will be an important direction for future research on grain odorants.At the same time,some odorants have been confirmed for their potential in the prevention and control of harmful organisms in granaries and will be an important source of new environmentally friendly grain protectants in the future.