生态综合补偿制度框架与实施路径设计——以北京市为例

Institutional framework and implementation path design of comprehensive ecological compensation--Take Beijing as an example

推动实施生态综合补偿是党中央对深化生态文明体制改革作出的重要部署。本文在系统梳理我国生态补偿和生态综合补偿政策发展演进基础上,提出生态综合补偿具有资金和政策的统筹、保护与发展的统筹、纵向补偿与横向补偿的统筹、考核与激励的统筹等重要特征;将我国生态综合补偿实践提炼为福建省的整合资金奖励模式、江西省的多方筹措资金模式、青海省的部门整合管理模式、浙江省的奖惩结合考核模式等。本文充分吸收已有实践模式经验,结合北京市生态补偿政策实际,提出了北京市生态综合补偿制度框架,并对生态补偿政策统筹整合、考核指标体系和奖惩机制的具体实施路径进行设计,为北京市和其他地区开展生态综合补偿提供支撑。

Promoting the implementation of comprehensive ecological compensation is an important deployment made by the CPC Central Committee to deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system. Based on the systematic review of the development and evolution of ecological compensation and comprehensive ecological compensation policies in China, this paper proposes that comprehensive ecological compensation has important characteristics such as the coordination of funds and policies, the coordination of protection and development, the coordination of vertical compensation and horizontal compensation, and the coordination of assessment and incentives;the practice of comprehensive ecological compensation in China is refined into the integrated fund reward model of Fujian Province, the multi-party fund-raising model of Jiangxi Province, the departmental integrated management model of Qinghai Province, and the combined assessment model of reward and punishment in Zhejiang Province. This paper fully absorbs the experience of the existing practice model and combines the actual ecological compensation policy in Beijing, proposes the framework of the comprehensive ecological compensation system in Beijing, and designs the overall integration of the ecological compensation policy, the assessment index system and the specific implementation path of the reward and punishment mechanism, so as to provide support for the development of comprehensive ecological compensation in Beijing and other regions.