中国制造业“内卷式”恶性竞争的发生机制与破解路径

The Occurrence Mechanisms and Countermeasures of Vicious“Involutionary”Competition in China’s Manufacturing Industry

探究中国制造业“内卷式”恶性竞争的发生机制和破解路径,是推进现代化产业体系建设、提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平过程中的一个无法回避的重要现实问题。当前,中国制造业“内卷式”恶性竞争不仅表现为产业同构和产能相对过剩,而且还包含了技术、市场、制度维度的新内涵。本文基于“技术—市场—制度”三维分析框架,研究认为中国制造业“内卷式”恶性竞争的发生机制主要表现为:在技术维度上,存在影响制造业转型升级的中等技术陷阱;在市场维度上,存在影响国内国际市场供给侧与需求侧均衡的结构性矛盾;在制度维度上,存在影响国内产业循环和科技创新的体制机制性障碍。基于此,防止中国制造业“内卷式”恶性竞争,在科技创新方面,应为跨越中等技术陷阱夯实长期物质基础、注入长期转型力量、提供长期系统支撑;在市场创新方面,应为破解供需结构性矛盾激活国内国际双循环市场潜能;在制度创新方面,应创新产业政策设计和实施方法,为促进科技创新与技术攻关建章立制。

The vicious“involutionary”competition in China’s manufacturing industry is a crucial background for advancing the construction of a modern industrial system and enhancing the resilience and security level of the national industrial chain and supply chain.However,few studies systematically analyze the basic facts,causes,occurrence mechanisms,and countermeasures of the vicious“involutionary”competition in China’s manufacturing industry.Based on a three‑dimensional analysis framework of“technology‑market‑institution”,this article argues that the occurrence mechanisms of vicious“involutionary”competition in China’s manufacturing industry are primarily manifested in the following aspects:in the technological dimension,there is a middle‑technology trap that hinders the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry;in the market dimension,there are structural contradictions between the supply side and demand side of the domestic and international markets;and in the institutional dimension,there are institutional and mechanism barriers that affect domestic industrial circulation and technological innovation.As manufacturing is an innovation‑induced industry and an industry that induces innovation,it is necessary to explore paths and countermeasures to prevent China’s manufacturing industry from falling into vicious“involutionary”competition through a greater range of technological innovation,market innovation,and institutional innovation.Specifically,in terms of scientific and technological innovation,we should consolidate the long‑term material foundation,inject long‑term transformation force,and provide long‑term system support for overcoming the meddle‑technology trap in the process of manufacturing transformation and upgrading;in terms of market innovation,we should activate the potential of domestic and international dual cycle markets to solve the structural contradiction between supply and demand;in terms of institutional innovation,we should innovate the design and implementation methods of industrial policies and establish rules and regulations for promoting scientific and technological innovation and technological breakthroughs.This study reveals the deep‑seated connotation,occurrence mechanism,and countermeasures of vicious“involutionary”competition in China’s manufacturing industry,which can help policymakers,industry players,academia,and research institutions fully understand that solving the problem of vicious“involutionary”competition in China’s manufacturing industry is not enough with industry self‑discipline alone.Scientific and technological innovation,structural equilibrium between supply and demand,and institutional design that prioritizes survival of the fittest are the systematic solutions to solving the problem of vicious“involutionary”competition in China’s manufacturing industry.