数字化转型、制度型开放与出口产品质量

Digital Transformation,Institutional Opening Up and Quality of Export Products

在高质量发展阶段,以数字化转型促进出口产品质量提升,需要有与之相适应的制度构建。本文基于数字化转型与制度型开放交互的视角,在测度省域制度型开放水平的基础上,利用2013—2021年中国上市公司数据,采用固定效应模型实证检验数字化转型与制度型开放的协同作用对出口产品质量的影响及机制。研究发现,数字化转型与制度型开放的协同作用能够促进出口产品质量提升,且该结论经过内生性处理和一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。异质性分析结果表明,在国有企业、资本密集型企业、东部地区企业和数字化转型程度高的企业中,数字化转型与制度型开放的协同作用对出口产品质量提升的影响更明显。机制分析结果表明,数字化转型与制度型开放的协同作用通过提高企业创新能力和降低企业交易成本促进出口产品质量提升。本文的研究对进一步发挥数字化转型与制度型开放的协同促进效应具有重要参考意义。

In the new stage of high‑quality development in which the quality of China’s export products needs to be improved,digital transformation can help achieve the above goals,although it has reached a consensus.However,it is worth noting that compared with the previous economic form,the development of the digital economy is more dependent on institutional construction,so relying on digital transformation to improve the quality of export products depends on the improvement of institutional quality.Under the condition of an open economy,it depends on the improvement of the institutional opening up.Based on theoretical analyses,this paper focuses on the essential connotation of institutional opening up,this paper uses web crawler technology and graph neural network technology to innovatively quantify institutional opening up at the province level.Based on this,micro‑data of listed companies in China from 2013 to 2021 are used as research samples,and a fixed effects model is adopted.The empirical test of institutional opening up,enterprise digital transformation,and their synergistic effect on the quality of export products of enterprises is conducted.The research results show that the synergistic effect of institutional opening up and digital transformation can effectively improve the export product quality of enterprises.The above conclusions are still valid under various robustness tests and endogeneity problem treatment.The regional heterogeneity test indicates that a region that plays a leading and exemplary role in the institutional opening up team has a more significant promoting effect.The industry heterogeneity test shows that capital‑intensive industries can play a more effective role in promoting the interaction between institutional opening up and digital transformation.In addition,the higher the degree of digital transformation of enterprises,the more need for the coordination of institutional opening up in playing their role in promoting the quality of export products.The mechanism test results show that the synergistic effect of institutional opening up and digital transformation mainly improves export product quality by promoting enterprises’R&D innovation ability and reducing transaction costs.The above research conclusions not only expand and deepen the understanding of the factors affecting the improvement of export product quality but also have important policy implications for how to rely on further promoting institutional opening up to cooperate with digital transformation to improve export product quality.To this end,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions.First,we can further promote institutional opening up and speed up the docking of domestic rules and international high‑standard economic and trade rules.Second,we can improve institutional opening up in the field of digital trade.Third,we can empower enterprises with innovation to enhance their export competitiveness.The marginal contribution of this paper is mainly reflected in the research perspective.