自然科学范式下运动训练学研究的学理基础、学科特性与学术原则

Natural Science Paradigm of Sports Science Research:Theoretical Basis,Disciplinary Characteristics and Academic Principles

自然科学研究方法和方法论是人类认识和探索自然的重要途径,两者共同构成了自然科学范式。自然科学范式作为“运动训练学科学化”探讨中的重要“科学化”手段被广泛应用,以解决运动训练实践当中的现实问题。但自然科学范式下的运动训练学研究尚存在部分核心问题需进一步厘清和解决。研究认为,运动训练学先天具备的自然属性为自然科学范式的应用提供了场景。自然科学范式应用于运动训练学研究具有扎实的学理基础;合理的自然科学范式能够引导运动训练学的研究对象由理想走向现实、研究目的由本质走向规律、研究方法由思辨走向实证;运动训练学研究的特殊性使其自然科学范式区别于其他学科具有学科特性;运动训练学研究的复杂情景并不能单纯依靠自然科学范式,也需要引入社会科学的规范方法对科学问题进行深入理解和洞察。因此,在运动训练学研究中应用自然科学范式时,需要在明确适用范围的前提下把握目的性、有效性、层次性、主从性和系统性等应用规范。

Natural science research methods and methodologies are important ways for people to explore nature,and both of them form the paradigm of natural science.The paradigm of natural science is widely used as an important scientific method in sports training to solve practical problems in this area.However,there are still some core issues in sports training research under the paradigm of natural science which need to be further clarified and resolved.This study suggests that the innate natural characteristics of sports training provide a direction for the application of the natural science paradigm.The application of natural science methods in sports training has solid theoretical foundation.A reasonable research paradigm could guide the research object from ideal to real,guide the research purpose from essence to law,and guide the research method from speculation to evidence.Due to the characteristics of spords training research,the scientific paradigm of sports training is different from the scientific paradigms of other disciplines.The complex situations in sports training research cannot use the natural science paradigm alone,it also require in-depth understanding and insight in social science.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on the purpose,effectiveness,hierarchy,subject-object relationship and systematicity with a clear understanding of application scope when applying the natural science paradigm in sports training research.