四川省典型规模化养猪场废水抗生素特征及风险评估

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Antibiotic in Sewage from Typical Large-scale Hoggery in Sichuan Province

以养猪场尾水为主要研究对象,检测了四川省28家典型规模化养猪场废水四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类中的9种抗生素浓度,分别为四环素、土霉素、金霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星,结果表明28组畜禽养殖废水水样均检测出有抗生素残留,以四环素类为主,浓度在0.476~214.274μg/L,平均值为26.901μg/L。不同废水处理工艺进出水抗生素浓度表明,常用的好氧、高级氧化等工艺能够有效降解抗生素,四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类降解率平均值为46.79%、8.71%、58.56%;但厌氧工艺基本上对抗生素无降解效果,甚至出现了负去除的现象,四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类降解率分别为-41.31%、-378.72%、-13.42%。风险评估结果显示:有16个点位的所有抗生素均属于低风险,9个点位有单种抗生素中风险,2个点位有抗生素多种中风险,1个点位磺胺间甲氧嘧啶存在高风险。

This paper focused on the sewage of hoggery.The concentrations of 9 antibiotics in the sewage containing tetracycline,sulfonamides and quinolones in 28 typical large-scale hoggeries were detected in Sichuan Province.Nine antibiotics were tetracycline,oxytetracycline,chlortetracycline,sulfamethazine,sulfamethoxazole,sulfamethoxazole,norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and enrofloxacin.The detect results showed that antibiotic residues were detected in 28 groups of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater samples,among them,tetracycline have the highest concentration,and the detected concentration was 0.476~214.274μg/L,with an average concentration of 26.901μg/L.The concentration of antibiotics in the inlet and outlet of different sewage treatment processes indicated that aerobic or advanced oxidation processes could degrade antibiotics effectively.The average degradation rates of tetracycline,sulfonamides and quinolones were achieved 46.79%,8.71%,and 58.56%.However,the anaerobic process has no degradation effect on antibiotics,and even negative removal occurred.The degradation rate was-41.31%,-378.72%,-13.42%.The results of the risk assessment showed that all antibiotics were at low risk at 16 sites,single intermediate-risk at 9 sites,multiple intermediate-risk antibiotics at 2 sites,and a high risk of sulfamethoxamine at 1 site.In short,large-scale hoggery in Sichuan Province has a high-level manure treatment process,but the misuse of antibiotics persists,and the environmental risks of farmland utilization to soil cannot be ignored.