时空信息融合的堆芯自给能中子探测器 故障检测与隔离方法

Fault Detection and Isolation for In-core Self-powered Neutron Detectors Using Spatial-temporal Information Fusion

自给能中子探测器(self-powered neutron detector,SPND)作为新一代核电厂的重要核测设备,其健康状态关乎反应堆安全运行。鉴于现有故障检测方法侧重于时域分析以构建数据驱动模型,未充分考虑SPND在堆芯内的全局空间耦合关系,为此,该文提出一种时空信息融合的堆芯SPND故障检测与隔离方法。首先,结合SPND运行数据与堆内探测器组件布局,构建面向SPND故障检测的时空图数据;其次,结合图卷积网络-门控循环单元(graph convolution network-gate recurrent unit,GCN-GRU)与故障隔离(fault isolation,FI)策略,设计SPND实时故障检测模型;最后,利用某地区压水堆历史监测数据与模拟故障样本进行算例分析,表明该方法可有效融合整体SPND的时空联合信息以重构个体SPND的电流信号,进而准确检测与隔离故障SPND,且具有较好的精确性和普适性。

As the essential nuclear measurement equipment in new generation nuclear power plants,the self-powered neutron detector(SPND)plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe operation of reactors.The existing fault detection methods focus on time-domain analysis to build data-driven models,without leveraging the spatial coupling relationship of neutron flux in the reactor core.Therefore,an in-core SPND fault detection and isolation method integrating spatial-temporal information is proposed.First,the spatial-temporal graph data for SPND fault detection are established by combining SPND data with the layout of detector components within the reactor.Then,a real-time SPND fault detection model is designed using the graph convolution network-gate recurrent unit(GCN-GRU)and fault isolation(FI)strategy.Finally,using historical data and simulated fault samples from a pressurized water reactor,case analysis demonstrates that the method effectively fuses the spatial-temporal joint information of the overall SPNDs to reconstruct the current signals of individual SPNDs.The method can accurately detect and isolate faulty SPNDs,which exhibits higher accuracy and universality.