异化概念的历史演变——以马克思为界

The Historical Evolution of the Concept of Alienation——With Marx as the Boundary

异化概念最早溯源于柏拉图《理想国》中的理念,中世纪则使用这一概念说明人的有限性以及和神的疏离。近代以来,启蒙思想家主要从政治哲学的意义上探讨社会的异化问题。德国古典哲学正式赋予异化概念以思辨哲学意义,青年黑格尔派重新启用异化以批判现实社会。因此,梳理异化概念的历史演变不仅有助于理解异化概念的思想史脉络,更有助于理解马克思的异化劳动理论。

The concept of alienation can be traced back to the ideas in Plato’s“The Republic”.In the Middle Ages,this concept was used to explain human finitude and the alienation from God.Since modern times,Enlightenment thinkers have primarily explored the issue of social alienation from the perspective of political philosophy.German classical philosophy formally endowed the concept of alienation with speculative philosophical significance,while the young Hegelians reintroduced alienation to critique contemporary society.Therefore,sorting out the historical evolution of the concept of alienation not only aids in understanding the ideological context of the concept but also helps in comprehending Marx’s theory of alienated labor.