北欧学前教育质量评估:缘起、实践路径及启示

Quality Assessment in Nordic Early Childhood Education:Origins,Practical Pathways,and Implications

北欧学前教育质量拥有较全面基准,探讨其学前教育质量评估的理念和实践,可以为我国进一步完善学前教育质量评估提供借鉴。在全球化背景下,北欧各国为了有效应对由标准化趋势带来的压力、国际组织日益加深的政策效应、私有机构影响力的扩大、不断加剧的移民和多元文化带来的挑战,逐步构建并持续优化了一套根植于北欧核心价值理念的学前教育质量评估体系。该体系以儿童的权利、福祉及民主参与为价值基础,以国家法律文件和课程指南为规制指引,以国家-地区(市)上下协同、内外结合的方式为运行机制,以服务质量、师资质量及儿童发展为主要评估内容,以多元化主体、多样化标准、定性定量相结合为主要评估方式。这对我国推进学前教育质量评估具有重要的启示:一是体现以儿童为本、公平优质的价值导向;二是强化政府的主导作用,并鼓励多元主体参与评估过程;三是聚焦过程质量要素,融合多元评估策略的经验。

The Nordic region has established comprehensive benchmarks for early childhood education(ECE)quality.Exploring the principles and practices of Nordic ECE quality assessment provides valuable insights for improving ECE quality assessment in China.In the context of globalization,Nordic countries have gradually developed and continuously refined a quality assessment system rooted in core Nordic values to address challenges such as the pressures of standardization,the growing policy influence of international organizations,the expanding impact of private institutions,and the intensifying challenges posed by immigration and multiculturalism.This system is founded on the values of children's rights,well-being,and democratic participation.It is guided by national legal frameworks and curriculum guidelines,operates through a vertically integrated mechanism linking national and regional(or municipal)levels,and employs a hybrid approach combining internal and external assessments.Its primary focus includes service quality,teacher quality,and child development,utilizing diverse stakeholders,multidimensional standards,and a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.This provides significant implications for advancing ECE quality assessment in China:firstly,it embodies a child-centered,equitable,and high-quality value orientation;secondly,it strengthens the government's leading role while encouraging the participation of diverse stakeholders in the evaluation process;and thirdly,it focuses on process quality elements and integrating multi-faceted assessment strategies.