超声波-微波协同辅助脱除生物碱制备魔芋全粉工艺优化及品质探究

The optimization and quality investigation of ultrasound-microwave synergistic assisted alkaloid removal process for the preparation of konjac powder

为了有效脱除魔芋中的生物碱,采用超声波-微波协同辅助脱除的方法,通过单因素和正交试验进行工艺优化,并探究不同脱除方法对魔芋生物碱的脱除效果。结果表明,正交试验的最佳组合因素为超声波功率600 W、微波功率500 W、脱除时间40 min、乙醇体积分数85%。较未处理的对照组而言,处理后魔芋全粉亮度和白度有所提高,傅里叶红外光谱结果显示魔芋多糖的重复单元和主要官能团并未被改变,X射线衍射峰变得更加尖锐。扫描电镜结果显示,处理后的魔芋全粉颗粒表面孔洞增多,可提高其传质传热速率。同时,处理后的魔芋全粉相对分子质量降低,流变学性能得到改善,抗剪切形变的能力增强。因此,通过超声波-微波协同辅助不仅可以有效脱除魔芋中的生物碱还能获得品质更好的魔芋全粉。

In order to effectively remove konjac alkaloids,the ultrasonic-microwave-assisted method was used to optimize the process through single factor and orthogonal experiment,and the removal effect of different removal methods on konjac alkaloids was investigated.The results showed that the optimal conditions for ultrasound-microwave-assisted elution(UMAE)were as follows:600 W of ultrasonic power,500 W of microwave power,40 min of extraction time,and an ethanol volume fraction of 85%.Compared with the control group,the brightness and whiteness of the treated konjac powder increased.The Fourier infrared spectroscopy results showed that the repeating units and major functional groups of the konjac polysaccharides were not altered.The X-ray diffraction peaks became sharper.Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the surface pores of treated konjac powder particles increased,which improved its mass and heat transfer rate.Meanwhile,the relative molecular mass of the treated konjac powder was reduced,the rheological properties were improved,and the resistance to shear deformation was enhanced.Therefore,the ultrasound-microwave synergistic assistance not only effectively removed the alkaloids in konjac but also obtained better quality konjac powder.