基于隶属函数法评价15个石榴品种(系)果实品质

Evaluation on Fruit Quality of 15 Pomegranate Varieties(Lines)Based on Membership Function Method

本试验以河南荥阳引自山东的15个石榴主栽品种(系)的5年生树为试材,测定其主要经济性状和果实内在外在品质指标,并运用模糊数学隶属函数法对各品种(系)的果实品质进行综合评价。结果表明,15个石榴品种(系)的果实品质均存在不同程度的变异。其中,果实总酸含量存在高度变异,变异系数为101.66%,含量范围为2.55~21.64 mg/g;单株产量范围为0.74~8.85 kg,裂果率范围为0.00~52.17%,单果重范围为141.65~509.56 g,总籽粒重范围为75.68~283.32 g,百粒籽重范围为20.95~41.00 g,皮厚范围为1.81~6.70 mm,总糖含量范围为277.14~457.17 mg/g,糖酸比范围为12.80~178.59,还原型抗坏血酸含量范围为321.32~651.70μg/g,木质素含量范围为0.18~0.37 mg/mg,这10个性状的变异系数均大于10%,存在较大程度的品种间变异;果实出汁率范围为75.51%~83.51%,可食率范围为44.86%~68.02%,可溶性固形物含量范围为14.47%~16.33%,这3个性状的变异系数均小于10%,是较为稳定的性状。根据平均隶属函数值大小可将15个品种(系)划分为三类:状元红、巨籽蜜、二白、青皮甜、岗榴、大青皮酸、大马牙的平均隶属函数值≥0.6,品质优;0.5≤平均隶属函数值<0.6的有泰山红、大红皮甜、霜红宝石、蒙阳红、发芽红,其品质中等;谢花甜、牡丹石榴、青皮酸的平均隶属函数值<0.5,品质较差。综上,15个石榴品种(系)的果实品质存在不同程度的变异,优劣顺序依次为:状元红、巨籽蜜、二白、青皮甜、岗榴、大青皮酸、大马牙、泰山红、大红皮甜、霜红宝石、蒙阳红、发芽红、谢花甜、牡丹石榴、青皮酸。该研究结果可为专用型石榴品种的筛选提供参考。

In the study,5-year plants of 15 pomegranate varieties(lines)introduced from Shandong Province and planted in Xingyang of Henan Province were used as experimental materials to determine their main economic characters and fruit internal and external quality indicator.The membership function method of fuzzy mathematics was used to evaluate the fruit quality of each variety(line).The results showed that differ-ent degrees of variation in fruit quality were observed among the 15 pomegranate varieties(lines).The varia-tion of total acid content was high with the coefficient of variation(CV)as 101.66%,and the content changed between 2.55 mg/g and 21.64 mg/g.The plant yield per plant,fruit cracking rate,single fruit weight,total kernel weight,hundred seed weight,skin thickness,total sugar content,sugar-acid ratio,reduced ascorbic acid and lignin content were 0.74 to 8.85 kg,0.00 to 52.17%,141.65 to 509.56 g,75.68 to 283.32 g,20.95 to 41.00 g,1.81 to 6.70 mm,277.14 to 457.17 mg/g,12.80 to 178.59,321.32 to 651.70μg/g,and 0.18 to 0.37 mg/mg,respectively,and their CV values were all greater than 10%,suggesting a large degree of varia-tion among varieties(lines).The fruit juice yield,edible rate and soluble solid content were 75.51%to 83.51%,44.86%to 68.02%,and 14.47%to 16.33%,respectively,and their CV values were less than 10%being relatively stable.According to the average membership function value,the 15 pomegranate varieties(lines)were divided into three categories.The first category including Zhuangyuanhong,Juzi Mi,Erbai,Qing-pi Tian,Gangliu,Daqingpisuan and Damaya with the membership function value≥0.6,which had excellent quality.Five varieties including Taishanhong,Dahongpitian,Shuanghongbaoshi,Mengyanghong and Fayahong had the membership function value ranging from 0.5 to 0.6,so they were graded as varieties(lines)with me-dium fruit quality.The membership function value of Xiehuatian,Mudan Pomegranate and Qingpisuan were less than 0.5,so they had poor quality.In conclusion,the fruit quality of the 15 pomegranate varieties(lines)showed different degrees of variation,and according to the fruit quality from high to low,they were sequenced as Zhuangyuanhong,Juzi Mi,Erbai,Qingpi Tian,Gangliu,Daqingpisuan,Damaya,Taishanhong,Dahong-pitian,Shuanghongbaoshi,Mengyanghong,Fayahong,Xiehuatian,Mudan Pomegranate and Qingpisuan.These results could provide references for selection of special pomegranate varieties.