有机碳肥对植烟土壤细菌群落结构和烤烟产质量的影响

Effects of Organic Carbon Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial Community Structure in Tobacco-Growing Soil and Flue-Cured Tobacco Yield and Quality

本试验旨在探究有机碳肥对植烟土壤细菌群落结构的调节作用及对烤烟产质量的影响。采用田间试验方式,设置CK(对照,常规施肥)、T1(常规施肥+有机碳肥75 kg/hm^(2))、T2(常规施肥+有机碳肥150 kg/hm^(2))和T3(常规施肥+有机碳肥225 kg/hm^(2))共4个处理,考察有机碳肥对植烟土壤细菌群落结构、优势菌相对丰度、主要菌门相对丰度与土壤化学性质的相关性和对烤烟产质量的影响。结果表明,施加有机碳肥后土壤细菌Shannon指数、Ace指数和Chao1指数较CK均有所提高,并且显著提高了酸杆菌门(Acidobacterio-ta)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)的相对丰度;主要菌门相对丰度与多数土壤化学因子存在显著相关关系,其中GAL15与速效磷和碱解氮呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与速效钾、有机质和全碳呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),蛭弧菌门(Bdellovibrio)与速效钾、碱解氮、有机质呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。施用有机碳肥可提高烤烟产质量,T2处理效果最好,烤后烟总糖、还原糖、钾含量较CK分别增加9.89%、16.84%%和11.71%,感官质量评价总分最高,烤烟产值、上等烟比例和均价相较CK分别提高20.01%、13.84%和3.87%。综上所述,施加有机碳肥可改善植烟土壤细菌群落结构,提高烤烟产质量,以150 kg/hm^(2)有机碳肥施用量效果最佳。

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of organic carbon fertilizer on regulating bacterial community structure in tobacco-growing soil and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.The field ex-periment was conducted with four treatments,including CK(conventional fertilization),T1(conventional fer-tilization+75 kg/hm^(2)organic carbon fertilizer),T2(conventional fertilization+150 kg/hm^(2)organic carbon fer-tilizer)and T3(conventional fertilization+225 kg/hm^(2)organic carbon fertilizer).The soil bacterial community structure,relative abundance of dominant bacteria,correlation between relative abundance of major phyla and soil chemical properties,and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were investigated and analyzed.The re-sults showed that the application of organic carbon fertilizer resulted in higher values of Shannon index,Ace index and Chao1 index of bacteria in soil compared to CK;moreover,the relative abundance of Acidobacterio-ta and Chloroflexi were significantly increased.There were significant correlations between the relative abun-dance of major phyla and most soil chemical factors,among which,GAL15 had significantly positive correla-tion with available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen(P<0.05),and extremely significantly positive correlation with available potassium,organic matter and total carbon(P<0.01).Conversely,Bdellovibrio showed significantly negative correlation with available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic mat-ter.The application of organic carbon fertilizer could improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,and T2 treatment had the best effect,showing the increase of total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium contents in cured tobacco by 9.89%,16.84%and 11.71%respectively,the highest overall score of sensory quality evalu-ation,and the increase ofoutput value of flue-cured tobacco,proportion of high-grade tobacco and average price by 20.01%,13.84%and 3.87%respectively compared with CK.In conclusion,the application of organ-ic carbon fertilizer could improve the soil bacterial community structure and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,and the application of 150 kg/hm^(2)organic carbon fertilizer had the best effect.