新型生态保水剂施量对兰州新区土壤微环境及马铃薯产量效益的影响

The Impact of the Application Amount of New Ecological Water Retaining Agents on the Soil Microenvironment and Potato Yield Benefits of Newly Cultivated Land in Lanzhou New Area

探索新型生态保水剂施量对兰州新区土壤微环境和马铃薯产量效益的影响,明确新型生态保水剂施用效果和筛选最佳施量。以新型生态保水剂为材料(中国科学院上海应用物理研究所研发),采用大田试验方法,按保水剂施量设4个处理(CK:0,B3:45 kg/hm^(2),B5:75 kg/hm^(2),B7:105 kg/hm^(2))研究滴灌模式下保水剂施量对兰州新区土壤水分、土壤酶活性、土壤呼吸速率的动态变化规律和马铃薯产量效益的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,施新型生态保水剂处理组显著提高了马铃薯生育期0~40 cm土层土壤体积含水量(5.24%~11.41%);随新型生态保水剂施量递增,0~40 cm土层土壤体积含水量逐渐增加后趋于稳定,B5、B7处理间差异不显著。土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性及土壤呼吸速率均随马铃薯生育时期推进呈“单峰”曲线变化,块茎膨大期达峰值;与CK比较,施用新型生态保水剂处理组0~40 cm土层土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性分别提高10.40%~24.35%、3.98%~10.06%、3.15%~8.11%,呼吸速率增强23.32%~25.51%,B5、B7处理间差异不显著。施用保水剂能够显著提高马铃薯产量和商品薯率,降低小薯率;与CK比较,B5、B7处理马铃薯增产9.53%~10.15%,总产值提高15.23%~15.66%。综合不同施量新型生态保水剂在兰州新区马铃薯生产实际中的应用效果,认为生态保水剂施量75kg/hm^(2)可以达到灌溉水资源利用效率、土壤微环境和马铃薯产量效益的多重提升。

To explore the effect of new ecological water-retaining agent on soil microenvironment and potato yield and benefit in Lanzhou New Area,and to clarify the application effect of new ecological water-retaining agent and screen the best application amount.The new ecological water-retaining agent was used as the material(developed by Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences).Four treatments(CK:0,B3:45 kg/hm^(2),B5:75 kg/hm^(2),B7:105 kg/hm^(2))were set up according to the amount of water-retaining agent to study the effects of water-retaining agent on the dynamic changes of soil moisture,soil enzyme activity,soil respiration rate and potato yield and benefit in Lanzhou New Area under drip irrigation mode.The results showed that:Compared with CK,the soil volumetric water content(5.24%~11.41%)in 0~40 cm soil layer during potato growth period was significantly increased by the application of new ecological water retaining agent.With the increase of the application amount of the new ecological water retaining agent,the soil volumetric water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer gradually increased and then stabilized,and the difference between B5 and B7 treatments was not significant.The activities of soil urease,sucrase,catalase and soil respiration rate showed a'single peak'curve with the growth period of potato,and reached the peak at the tuber expansion stage.Compared with CK,the activities of urease,sucrase and catalase in the 0~40 cm soil layer of the new ecological water retaining agent treatment group increased by 10.40%~24.35%,3.98%~10.06%and 3.15%~8.11%,respectively,and the respiration rate increased by 23.32%~25.51%.There was no significant difference between B5 and B7 treatments.The application of waterretaining agent could significantly increase potato yield and commodity potato rate,and reduce the rate of small potato.Compared with CK,the potato yield of B5 and B7 treatments increased by 9.53%~10.15%,and the total output value increased by 15.23%~15.66%.Based on the application effect of new ecological water-retaining agent with different application rates in potato production in Lanzhou New Area,it is concluded that the application rate of 75 kg/hm^(2)of ecological water-retaining agent can achieve multiple improvement of irrigation water use efficiency,soil microenvironment and potato yield benefit.