地铁车站客运能力瓶颈评估方法研究

Assessment Method of Passenger Capacity Bottleneck in Metro Stations

地铁车站是完成各线路之间以及地铁系统与外部环境之间客流交换过程的主要场所,其交换过程的效率会对地铁系统所提供运输服务的数量和质量产生较大影响。本文通过分析车站内不同客流的服务流程,考虑乘客车站内路径选择特性,构建基于流线最短路的车站服务网络,通过计算删除节点后的网络生成树数目来判断车站服务节点的重要性,确定车站客运能力瓶颈的关键设施。选取某“T”字型换乘站进行实例分析,本文方法所得结论与车站客流仿真软件(StaPass)所得仿真结果相互印证,说明该方法能够在客流情况不明的情况下快速、准确识别车站客运能力瓶颈,为车站客流组织和引导提供有力参考。

Subway stations serve as the primary venues for the exchange of passenger flow between different lines and between the subway system and the external environment.The efficiency of this exchange process has a significant impact on the quantity and quality of transportation services provided by the subway system.This paper analyzes the service processes for different passenger flows within stations,takes into account the characteristics of passenger route choices within stations,and constructs a station service network based on the shortest path of passenger flow lines.By calculating the number of spanning trees generated in the network after removing nodes,the importance of station service nodes is assessed,thereby identifying key facilities that are prone to becoming bottlenecks in station passenger capacity.A"T"-shaped transfer station is selected for case analysis,and the conclusions drawn from the method in this paper are mutually verified with the simulation results obtained from the station passenger flow simulation software(StaPass).This demonstrates that the proposed method can quickly and accurately identify bottlenecks in station passenger capacity even when passenger flow conditions are uncertain,providing a valuable reference for station passenger flow organization and guidance.