基于长距离折扣情况下的铁路货运动态定价分析

Dynamic Pricing Analysis of Railway Freight Based on Long Distance Discount

为了更好地推进“公转铁”及提高铁路货运竞争力,本文根据当前铁路货运“一口价”收费情况,考虑长距离下基于不同折扣系数,根据货运量与货运价格进行动态定价,并基于安全性、时间、碳排放成本等当前社会因素,考虑铁路、公路的广义总成本建立双层规划模型。上层考虑铁路货运收入最大化,下层考虑货主运输货物的广义总成本最小化,并基于某铁路局长距离大宗商品的货运情况进行求解,得出了在考虑碳排放等广义总成本下,铁路货运市场有较好发展前景。在长距离运输中,给予适当的折扣可以带来货运量增长并提升铁路货运总收入;但继续降价会降低铁路货运总收入和产生恶性竞争现象。

In order to better promote the"truck-to-rail"and improve the competitiveness of railway freight,this paper based on the current charging situation of railway freight,considers the dynamic pricing of freight volume and freight price based on different discount coefficients under long distance,and based on current social factors such as safety,time and carbon emission cost.A two-layer programming model is established considering the generalized total cost of railway and highway.The upper level considers the maximization of railway freight revenue,and the lower level considers the minimization of the generalized total cost of freight transportation by the freight owner.Based on the situation of long-distance bulk commodity freight transportation of a railway bureau,the solution is obtained,and the railway freight market has a good development prospect under the consideration of generalized total cost such as carbon emission.In long-distance transportation,the appropriate discount can bring freight volume growth and increase the total revenue of railway freight.But further price cuts will reduce the total revenue of railway freight and create vicious competition.