翻译赞助的反思与重释:一个社会交换理论的视角

Reflection and Reinterpretation of Translation Patronage:From the Perspective of Social Exchange Theory

本文在批评勒菲弗尔提出的翻译赞助模型的基础上,根据社会交换理论,把“翻译赞助”重新定义为“因翻译而结成的赞助人和受助人之间的一种资本交换关系网络”。它包括四个方面的内涵:(1)赞助双方是一种交换关系,而非单向的权力控制关系;(2)交换的资本包括经济资本、社会资本和文化资本;(3)资本交换网络遵循五个基本原则,即稀缺原则、互惠原则、价值原则、权力原则和不均衡原则;(4)翻译赞助关系经历了从非市场交换、有限市场交换到复杂市场交换三个阶段。重新定义后的“翻译赞助”概念为中国文学的外译等现象提供了新的解释。

This paper reviews Lefeverian patronage of translation,redefining it as"a network of capital exchange formed in a translation activity between patrons and beneficiaries",in the light of social exchange theories.The renewed proposition has four implications:①patronage is characterized with mutual exchange rather than unidirectional manipulation between participants involved;②what get exchanged are capitals of economic,societal and cultural types;③the network of capital exchange is guided by five principles,which are of scarcity,reciprocity,value,power,and imbalance;④translation patronage develops diachronically from non-market exchange,restrained market exchange to complicated market exchange.The package of concepts proposed here offers us a new perspective for the analysis of hot-debated topics of outbound translation of Chinese literatureand others.