“组织化共益”:居民参与构建社区治理共同体何以可为?

“Organized Common Benefits”:What Can Resident Participation Contribute to Community Governance?

居民参与是推进社区治理共同体建设、构建既安定有序又充满活力的基层治理秩序的关键环节。面对居民“弱参与”和“抗争性参与”的“两极化问题”,“组织化共益”为居民参与构建社区治理共同体提供了实践形式与持久动力,它是指社区居民借助一定组织形式参与社区公共事务,推动“社区公益”与“居民个益”的互动、交汇和共生。考察中华人民共和国成立以来不同组织化阶段的居民参与实践发现,伴随“公益私利”的互动及交叠之处“共益”的变化拓展,我国居民参与呈现出由依附参与、配合参与迈向自主参与、协同参与的阶段性样态。立足新时代,结合“组织化程度”和“共益范围”两个变项发现,当前我国居民参与存在四种类型并隐含着四种治理关系,即共赢式合作参与及伙伴治理、动员式任务参与及伙计治理、自发式志愿参与及内生治理、偶发式维权参与及突生治理。着眼居民参与尚存的碎片化、精英化、无序化问题,应进一步拓展“组织化共益”空间,汇聚共益性治理合力、提升组织化参与能级、保障常态化参与有序。

Resident participation is a key component in advancing community governance and establishing a stable,orderly,and vibrant grassroots governance structure.Confronted with the polarization between“weak engagement”and“contentious participation”,the concept of“organized common benefit”offers a practical and sustainable approach for residents to participate in building community governance.This concept involves residents engaging in community public affairs through organized forms,promoting interaction,convergence,and symbiosis between“community public interest”and“individual resident interests”.Examining the stages of resident participation since the founding of the People’s Republic of China reveals an evolving pattern from dependent participation to cooperative participation,advancing towards autonomous and collaborative participation,as common benefits expand through the interaction between public and private interests.In the new era,utilizing“degree of organization”and“scope of common benefit”as variables,four types of resident participation emerge,each reflecting a governance relationship:1)win-win cooperative participation and partnership governance;2)mobilized task participation and teammate governance;4)spontaneous volunteer participation and endogenous governance;and 4)occasional rights-protection participation and emergent governance.To address the issues of fragmentation,elitism,and disorder in resident participation,it is necessary to further expand the space for“organized common benefit”,consolidate cooperative governance,enhance organized participation capacity,and ensure structured regular participation.