权力关系的建构与误读——西方《聊斋志异》性别研究的路径及反思

The Construction and Misreading of Power Relations:Paths and Reflections on Western Gender Studies of Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio

20世纪80年代末以来,西方《聊斋志异》研究因其对性别视角的运用及鲜明的理论特色,构成了海外“聊斋学”颇具特色的组成部分。研究者有关异类女性主体性地位的讨论、针对文人男性特质建构方式的考察以及对于同性欲望书写的解读,为“聊斋学”带来了新的研究范式与阐释空间。但是,在既定理论框架或文化预设的影响下,研究者或局限于性别权力关系的单一分析模式,或将文人预设为充满身份焦虑的主体,或对同性欲望附加以消极的意义,甚至对作品原意或主题进行任意的曲解。如何在回归《聊斋志异》所处历史文化语境的基础上探索中国文学作品与西方理论话语相结合的可能路径、拓展古代小说考察的视角和方法,是“聊斋学”的重要课题。

Since the late 1980s,Western studies of Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio(聊斋志异)have formed a distinctive component of overseas“Liaozhai Studies”due to their application of gender perspectives and unique theoretical characteristics.Discussions regarding the status of non-conforming female subjectivity,examinations of the construction of literati male characteristics,and interpretations of same-sex desire have introduced new research paradigms and interpretative spaces to“Liaozhai Studies”.However,influenced by established theoretical frameworks or cultural assumptions,researchers often limit themselves to a singular analytical model of gender power relations,presuming literati to be subjects rife with identity anxiety,assigning negative meanings to same-sex desire,or even arbitrarily distorting the original intent or themes of the works.A significant issue for“Liaozhai Studies”is how to explore the possible pathways for integrating Chinese literary works with Western theoretical discourse,expanding the perspectives and methodologies for examining ancient novels based on a return to the historical and cultural context of Liaozhai.