井下煤矸石分离和固体回填技术在采煤中的应用研究

Research on the Application of Underground Gangue Separation and Solid Backfill Technology in Coal Mining

中国是世界上最大的煤炭生产国,煤矸石排料量位居世界第一。同时,大规模采煤导致了严重的环境污染问题,如地表沉降和煤矸石堆积,这使煤矿企业面临巨大的减排压力。因此,总结了固体回填开采技术的研究进展,阐述了实施井下废煤分离的现实需求和意义,重点介绍了选择性破碎法、密介质浅槽法、振动辅助分选法、全尺寸水分离法和射线识别法等常见井下废煤分离方法的技术原理、系统和关键设备,提出了采煤-分选-回填+X方案。结合五阳煤矿12#煤层的具体工程案例,介绍了“开采-分选-回填+瓦斯抽采”技术的整体思路、系统布置、选区设备及实际工程应用效果。结果表明,井下废煤分离与固体回填技术相结合,可实现煤矸石减排、井下洗矿和地表沉降控制,是实现绿色采矿的有效途径。

China is the largest coal producer in the world,and the amount of coal gangue discharge ranks the first in the world.At the same time,large-scale coal mining has led to serious environmental pollution problems,such as surface subsidence and gangue accumulation,which put coal mining enterprises under enormous pressure to reduce emissions.The research progress of solid backfill mining technology is summarized,the realistic needs and significance of implementing underground waste coal separation are described,the technical principles,systems and key equipment of common underground waste coal separation methods such as selective crushing method,dense media shallow tank method,vibration-assisted sorting method,full-size water separation method and ray identification method are highlighted,and the coal mining-sorting-backfill+X scheme is proposed.Combining with the specific engineering case of 12# coal seam in Wuyang coal mine,the overall idea,system arrangement,selection area equipment and practical engineering application effect of "mining-sorting-backfill+gas extraction" technology are introduced.The results show that the combination of underground waste coal separation and solid backfill technology can achieve coal gangue emission reduction,underground washing and surface subsidence control,which is an effective way to realize green mining.