服务化与数字化的适配关系对制造企业经济绩效的影响——创新投入的调节作用

The Influence of the Adaptive Relationship between Servitization and Digitization on the Economic Performance of Manufacturing Enterprises:The Moderating Effect of Innovation Investment

制造企业服务化与数字化在耦合共生中趋于收敛,产生了向数字服务化转型的发展态势,催生了新型商业模式,是企业向价值链高端迈进的重要战略选择。创新投入对数字服务化实施效果具有重要作用,是支持创新成果落地转化的基础。鉴于当前中国制造企业服务化与数字化难以兼顾、协同收益受阻的现实,以中国先进制造企业为样本,将数字服务化解构为四个特征区间,分析数字服务化、创新投入与企业经济绩效关系。结果表明:高低协同区间内,数字服务化与企业经济绩效呈正相关关系,而数字超前区间内两者呈U型关系,服务超前区间内两者呈倒U型关系,即存在数字服务悖论现象;高低协同和服务超前区间内,创新投入正向调节了数字服务化与企业经济绩效的关系,而数字超前区间内,创新投入负向调节了两者关系。

Under the impact of the latest round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,digitalization helps manufacturing enterprises leverage value-added services for value creation in the process of servitization.Servitization and digitalization tend to converge in mutual coupling,generating the trend of digital servitization,which enhances the value creation capability of manufacturing enterprises.In addition,innovation investment drives digital servitization to create higher economic revenue.On the one hand,digital servitization is aimed at customer problem solving and multi-agent value co-creation,manufacturing enterprises use digital technologies to provide customers with intelligent solutions that integrate products,software,and services.However,there are different development situations,such as synergy or dislocation,in digital servitization,it is necessary to explore the relationship between digital servitization and economic performance under different developmental situations.On the other hand,innovation investment for customer problem solving and product feature enrichment can help manufacturing enterprises climb to the top end of the value chain,which affects the value creation capability of digital servitization.Therefore,the moderating effect of innovation investment needs to be clarified.Both the digitalization level and the servitization level are moving from low to high.Digital servitization was then deconstructed into four characteristic intervals,namely,low synergy,service leading,digital leading,and high synergy.The relationship between digital servitization and economic performance within each interval,and the moderating effect of innovation investment were explored.Thus,the research formulated the relevant hypotheses and constructed the conceptual model.The data sample is 490 listed enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2013-2021,including national,provincial or municipal technological innovation demonstration enterprises,Chinese top 100 intelligent manufacturing enterprises,and national,provincial or municipal service-oriented manufacturing demonstration enterprises.Stata is used to carry out descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,regression analysis,endogenous test and robustness test of the sample data.Firstly,the results of descriptive statistics demonstrate that the digital servitization level of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is low and still have a large potential for development.Secondly,the correlation analysis results show that the variables selected are valid and there is no serious multicollinearity.Thirdly,the results of regression analysis show that digital servitization is positively related to economic performance in high and low synergy intervals,while there is a U-shaped relationship between digital servitization and economic performance in the digital leading interval,and an inverted U-shaped relationship in the service leading interval.That is,there exists a digital service paradox phenomenon.Innovation investment positively moderates the relationship between digital servitization and economic performance in the high synergy,low synergy and service leading intervals,while negatively moderates the relationship in the digital leading interval.Fourthly,the endogenous test and robustness test are conducted on the regression analysis results.The test results are still consistent with the regression analysis and show no significant changes,indicating that the research results have high credibility.Based on the above analytical results,the following managerial insights are proposed.Firstly,manufacturing enterprises should actively construct open and shared digital service platforms to accelerate the synergistic development of servitization and digitalization.At the same time,digital servitization needs to be guided to evolve towards a high synergy interval,thus guarding against the digital service paradox that occurs under a single transformation strategy.Secondly,manufacturing enterprises should fully consider the innovation investment to improve the efficiency of product and service delivery,and provide strong support for the transformation of digital servitization.Thirdly,the transformation of digital servitization has the characteristics of high investment and long payback period.Therefore,the government should formulate favorable policies that contribute to the development of digital servitization to create higher economic performance of manufacturing enterprises.