国内生产网络、共享商业关系与出口信息外溢

Domestic Production Networks,Shared Business Relationships,and Export Information Spillover

在复杂的现代商业网络中,大量企业通过共享客户或供应商形成紧密的共享商业关系,从而成为出口信息扩散的重要渠道,但这一新型出口现象较少被关注。本文采用2006—2016年上市公司的客户-供应商数据识别了企业间的共享商业关系,研究发现:共享商业伙伴之间存在共同出口现象,共享商业伙伴的出口行为有助于提升企业的出口概率与出口绩效;共享关系的出口外溢并不依赖于地理邻近性,这使得出口外溢现象同样存在于远距离共享伙伴之间,从而在更广阔的地理空间内实现出口信息传播。机制分析表明,生产能力差异过大、吸收能力不足会制约共享商业伙伴对企业出口的外溢影响。拓展性分析表明,共享商业伙伴的信息溢出带动了未出口企业进入出口市场。本文基于共享商业关系这一新颖视角,从国内生产网络关系角度揭示了出口外溢的微观机理。

As modern production becomes increasingly specialized,complex indirectbusiness relationships have emerged among enterprises.A notable phenomenon in this network is the rise of shared business relationships,where more and more enterprises connect indirectly through common suppliers or customers.These shared business relationships lead to flexible and diverse ways for companies to influence each other and share information,enabling broader information diffusion beyond geographical constraints.However,this mechanism has been largely ignored in existing literature.In this context,this paper examines the export information spillover among enterprises from the novel perspective of shared business relationships.Using customer-supplier data from listed companies,the study makes several key findings.First,in the shared business relationships,enterprises can effectively obtain export information by learning from the export behavior of shared business partners.Second,in the modern business networks,enterprises have more extensive spatial interactions,even those located far apart,through indirect business relationships.Third,compared with the domestic market environment,export market information is closely related to specific information such as export destinations and types of commodities,making information spillovers from shared business relationships more targeted than random searches.The estimation results of this paper confirm the export spillover effect of shared business partners,indicating that shared business partners do impact firms'export decisions.Furthermore,this impact persists even after companies enter the export market.In addition,this paper also investigates how industry differences,disparities in production capacity,and absorptive capacity affect the export spillover from shared partners.This paper contributes to the existing literature in the following aspects.First,the research finds that information spillover can occur independently of geographical proximity,thereby facilitating export spillovers over a larger geographical range.Second,this study reveals the crucial role of shared business relationships in export trade.It identifies shared business relationships using customer and supplier information,and reveals how these connections generate spillovers at the micro-enterprise level,especially the differences in the impact caused by production capacity,absorptive capacity,and shared objects.Lastly,this paper highlights the important role of shared business relationships in information spillovers,enriching studies on the rapidly developing enterprise network relationships and demonstrating that indirect business relationships can serve as an important channel for export information spillover.This paper also provides insights for the research on enterprises'business strategy and trade policy formulation and adjustment from the perspective of domestic production networks.First,enterprises need to effectively absorb and utilize spillover information.As revealed by this study,although enterprises can obtain the spillover information through commercial networks,only by absorbing and making good use of it through the related production capacity can they truly realize its value.Second,it is important to actively consider the domestic business network as an important channel to obtain export information and expand foreign trade.Lastly,the phenomenon of shared exports provides beneficial references for the formulation of foreign trade policy.Due to the imbalanced economic development across regions,it is of great significance to develop and improve the domestic business network connections across regions to enhance the overall competitiveness of exports.