大国战略竞争与全球价值链的地缘政治转向

Great Power Strategic Competition and the Geopolitical Turn of Global Value Chains

随着大国战略竞争加剧,全球价值链究竟会随着地缘政治变迁而重构、还是会遵循市场逻辑并保持韧性,已成为一个亟待回答的现实问题。实际上,全球价值链存在于由地理空间与权力空间构成的双重生产空间,因此极易受地缘政治因素的影响。同时,全球价值链还具有连通性和等级性,权力因素通过这两个特征介入全球价值链治理。在大国战略竞争加剧背景下,地缘政治能够通过生产布局安全化、经济合作集团化、制度联系工具化和产业优势武器化等方式影响全球价值链的结构。近些年来,霸权焦虑刺激美国根据地缘政治利益重构价值链,安全压力也促使欧盟根据地缘政治需要调整自身价值链战略布局。美国和欧盟围绕产业政策、高新技术和关键原材料等议题重构全球价值链,使得基于全球价值链的国际经济合作出现较为明显的地缘政治转向,加剧了国际经济环境的不确定性。

With the intensification of strategic competition among great powers,the question of whether global value chains(GVCs)will be reconfigured in response to geopolitical changes,or whether they will follow the logic of the market and remain resilient,has become an urgent and practical one.In fact,GVCs exist in a dual production space consisting of both geographic and power dimensions,and are therefore highly susceptible to geopolitical factors.At the same time,GVCs are also connected and hierarchical,and through these two features,power factors intervene in the governance of GVCs.Against the backdrop of intensified strategic competition among great powers,geopolitics can influence the structure of GVCs through the securitization of production allocation,the clustering of economic cooperation,the instrumentalization of institutional linkages and the weaponization of their industrial advantages.In recent years,hegemonic anxiety has stimulated the United States to restructure its value chains in accordance with its geopolitical interests,and security pressures have also prompted the European Union to adjust the strategic layout of its own value chains in accordance with its geopolitical needs.Such restructuring of GVCs by the U.S.and the EU in the fields of industrial policies,high technologies and critical raw materials has led to a more pronounced geopolitical shift in international economic cooperation based on GVCs,which has aggravated the uncertainty of the international economic environment.