不同产地天麻品质综合评价

Synthetic Quality Evaluation of Gastrodia elata from Different Regions

为对天麻育种、栽培和产品开发工作提供参考及促进天麻品质综合评价方法的优化,本研究采用层次分析法(AHP)对11个不同产地的天麻进行了品质综合评价。结果表明,天麻7个品质指标(天麻素、巴利森苷、有害金属、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、微量元素和常量元素)在不同产地间都有明显变异,且各指标的变异程度不同。在天麻仅考虑作为药用(包括有害金属含量最低特性),品质排名前3位的产地从高到低依次为云南彝良、陕西佛坪和贵州大方;在评估标准扩展至药用价值合并必需氨基酸的营养组成时,品质排名前3位的产地从高到低依次为云南彝良、贵州大方和陕西佛坪;在药用合并微量元素或者药用合并综合营养(包括必需氨基酸、微量元素、非必需氨基酸和常量元素)两方面的用途时,品质居于前3位的产地从高到低均依次为安徽岳西、贵州德江和陕西佛坪。通过层次分析法的应用,本研究不仅揭示了不同产地天麻品质的相对优劣,也为天麻品质的综合评价提供了一种新方法,有助于引导天麻产业向更高效、更可持续的方向发展。

In order to provide reference for the breeding,cultivation,and product development of Tianma(Gastrodia elata Bl.)and promote the improvement of the synthetic evaluation method for Tianma quality,this article conducted a comprehensive quality evaluation of Tianma from 11 regions based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and different use purposes of Tianma.The results showed that the seven quality indicators(gastrodin,parishin,harmful metals,essential amino acids,non essential amino acids,trace elements,and constant elements)of Tianma exhibited significant variation among different regions,and the degree of variation of each indicator varied.If Tianma was only used for medicinal purposes(including the lowest content of harmful metals),the top three production areas in terms of quality from highest to lowest were Yiliang Yunnan,Foping Shaanxi,and Dafang Guizhou;If used as a medicinal and essential amino acid nutrient,the top three production areas for Tianma quality are Yiliang Yunnan,Dafang Guizhou,and Foping Shaanxi in descending order;In terms of medicinal use combined with trace elements and medicinal use combined with comprehensive nutrition(including essential amino acids,trace elements,non essential amino acids,and constant elements),the top three production areas for Tianma quality were Yuexi Anhui,Dejiang Guizhou,and Foping Shaanxi,in descending order.By applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process,this study not only reveals the relative quality merits of Tianma from different regions but also provides a novel method for the comprehensive evaluation of Tianma quality.This contributes to guiding the Tianma industry towards more efficient and sustainable development.