身体、艺术与科学:15—17世纪的西方灌肠图像

Body,Art,and Science:The Western Enema Images from the 15th to 17th Centuries

15世纪至17世纪的西方社会经历了一段宗教、医学、艺术紧密交织的历史时期,甚至还被戏称为“灌肠时代”。在文艺复兴和宗教改革的推动下,灌肠从自然的秩序观向理性的科学观转型。由此产生的灌肠图像不仅客观地还原了医学场景,强调视觉的朴实性,还蕴含着当时的健康观、伦理观及艺术美学的内涵。本文围绕15世纪至17世纪的灌肠图像,梳理早期以观察论、通感论为中心的灌肠理论,到灌肠图像的具体表现及其在想象领域的发展变化,进而探讨灌肠作为一种隐性疾病转化成社会道德共鸣的过程。

From the 15th to 17th Centuries,Western society experienced a period when religion,medicine,and art were closely intertwined,a time that has been humorously dubbed the"Era of Enemas".Driven by the Renaissance and the Reformation,the practice of enemas transitioned from a view based on natural order to one rooted in rational scientific inquiry.The enema images from this era not only objectively depicted medical scenes with an emphasis on visual simplicity but also reflected the health concepts,ethical perspectives,and artistic aesthetics of the time.This article focuses on enema images from the 15th to 17th centuries,traces the evolution from early enema theories focused on observation and synesthesia to the concrete representation and imaginative realms of enema images,further exploring the process by which enemas transformed from a hidden disease into a social moral resonance.