武夷山国家公园针阔混交林群落结构与多样性研究

Study on community structure and diversity of mixed needle-wide forests in Wuyishan National Park

为了解武夷山国家公园核心区内针阔混交林群落结构与多样性变化规律,于2018和2023年进行群落结构与物种多样性调查,并分析其物种组成、重要值变化、群落结构及多样性变化。结果表明,相较于2018年,2023年乔木层种类组成由32科66属116种减少至32科65属116种,个体数7474株减少至6515株;灌木层种类组成由36科56属84种增加至36科57属87种,个体数2980株减少至855株;草本层种类组成由20科28属33种减少至7科8属12种,个体数4947株减少至528株。乔木层与灌木层重要值排名前5的物种变化较小,草本层物种变化较大;群落及优势种胸径级与树高级结构均呈倒“J”型。群落区系成分复杂,以泛热带和北温带成分为主。乔木层多样性变化不明显,灌木层仅Simpson指数有所下降,而草本层仅Simpson指数有所上升。综上所述,该群落还处于发展中阶段,未成为顶级群落。

To understand the changes in community structure and diversity of mixed needle-wide forest in the core area of Wuyishan National Park,community structure and species diversity were investigated in 2018 and 2023,and the changes in species composition,importance value,community structure,and diversity were analyzed.Compared with 2018,the results show that,in 2023,the species composition of the tree layer decreased from 32 families,66 genera,and 116 species to 32 families,65 genera,and 116 species,and the number of individuals decreased from 7474 to 6515.The species composition of the shrub layer increased from 84 species of 36 families and 56 genera to 87 species of 36 families and 57 genera,and the number of individuals decreased from 2980 to 855.The species composition of the herbaceous layer decreased from 33 species of 28 genera of 20 families to 12 species of eight genera of seven families,and the number of individuals decreased from 4947 to 528.The top five species in the importance value of the tree and shrub layers showed little change,whereas the species in the herbaceous layer exhibited significant change.The diameter at breast height class and tree height structures of the community and dominant species are all inverted"J"type.The floristic elements of the community are complex,primarily composed of pantropical and north temperate elements.No significant change in the diversity of the tree layer was observed.In the shrub layer,only the Simpson index decreased,whereas it increased in the herb layer.In conclusion,the community is still in its developmental stage and has not yet become a climax community.