精氨酸在口⁃肠菌群中的代谢及其稳态调控作用的研究进展

esearch progress on the metabolism and homeostatic regulation of arginine in oral⁃intestinal flora

菌群失衡会导致微环境失调,引发龋病、炎症性肠病、肥胖和糖尿病等局部或全身性疾病。菌群失衡主要表现为代谢过程及产物的紊乱,精氨酸在宿主和菌群的多种代谢过程中发挥重要作用。本文拟从精氨酸在口⁃肠菌群中的代谢及其稳态调控作用入手,探讨其在菌群失衡相关疾病中的潜在治疗价值。干预或调控宿主微生物的组成或功能有望恢复宿主和微生物的稳态,精氨酸具有极高的临床应用潜能。精氨酸参与调控变异链球菌和血链球菌的相对丰度,有望降低龋病的发病风险。精氨酸代谢参与调控厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的相对丰度,在炎症性肠病以及肥胖的改善中可以发挥重要作用。精氨酸及其代谢产物多胺在酮症酸中毒倾向性糖尿病的治疗中也有良好的治疗前景。虽然精氨酸在口腔疾病、肠道疾病及代谢相关疾病的治疗中发挥了重要作用,但其是否发挥直接作用仍未明确,其具体作用机制也需进一步阐明。此外,目前尚无研究证实其临床应用的最适浓度,掌握合适的精氨酸剂量以精确调控菌群的组成,避免其产生副作用也是未来进一步研究的方向。

Dysbiosis can cause microenvironmental dysregulation,which can further lead to local or systemic diseas⁃es,such as caries,inflammatory bowel disease,obesity,and diabetes.Dysbiosis is primarily manifested as the distur⁃bance of metabolic processes and products.Arginine plays an important role in various metabolic processes and homeo⁃stasis of the microbial flora and the host.This study aims to explore the potential therapeutic value of arginine and its metabolism and homeostasis regulation in diseases associated with oral–intestinal dysbiosis.Host and microbial homeo⁃stasis can be restored by regulating the composition or function of host microbiota,and arginine has been found to exhibit significant clinical potential in restoring host microbiota composition and function.For example,arginine can reduce the risk of caries by regulating the relative abundance of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguineus.Additionally,ar⁃ginine metabolism may play a therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel disease and obesity by regulating the relative abun⁃dance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.In addition,supplementation of arginine and its metabolite polyamine has clinical prospects in the treatment of diabetic patients with ketoacidosis.Although studies have demonstrated the therapeutic role of argi⁃nine in oral,intestinal,and metabolism⁃related diseases,the specific mechanism is yet to be explored.In addition,further research is required to determine the optimal clinical dosage of arginine that can maintain microbiota homeostasis without causing any side effects.