全球大型猫科动物颈圈追踪研究的空间分布与研究领域分析

The spatial distribution and research field of global large felid studies based on collar tracking

大型猫科动物是其所在陆地生态系统中的顶级捕食者,具有至关重要的生态功能,在维持生态系统稳定和生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用。然而,大型猫科动物通常活动隐蔽、对人类警惕性强,为其野外调查与生态研究带来诸多困难。随着技术的发展,颈圈追踪为大型猫科动物生态学研究带来了新的机遇,并逐渐成为研究的重要手段。为全面了解大型猫科动物颈圈追踪研究的现状,本研究系统检索并梳理了1985—2024年全球范围内12种大型猫科动物的颈圈追踪文献,分析了研究的空间分布、追踪信息和研究领域等,旨在揭示目前全球大型猫科动物追踪研究的重点和趋势,识别研究空缺,并对未来颈圈追踪技术的发展和应用进行展望。本研究共收集到491篇相关文献;2010年以来,大型猫科动物追踪的文献数量明显增多。从研究的空间分布来看,研究地点(n=501)覆盖欧洲、亚洲、非洲、北美洲、南美洲共49个国家,北美洲、非洲南部、欧洲西北部和亚洲南部是大型猫科动物颈圈追踪研究的热点区域,而中国、俄罗斯、南美洲北部等国家和地区则存在较为明显的研究空缺。美洲狮(Puma concolor)、欧亚猞猁(Lynx lynx)、狮(Panthera leo)、豹(P.pardus)、虎(P.tigris)的追踪研究数量较多。2010年之后,卫星定位颈圈因具有定位精度高、采集数据量大、覆盖范围广、人力资源消耗少等优势,逐渐超越传统的VHF无线电遥测颈圈,成为当前追踪研究的主流技术。研究领域主要集中在捕食或食性分析、生境选择和利用、家域范围、运动模式和种群动态等方面。本研究建议,应加强国内颈圈追踪研究的力度,拓展研究的深度和广度,推动追踪技术创新,建立标准化的颈圈追踪研究范式,并加强多学科合作与数据共享,以促进大型猫科动物的有效保护和管理。

Large felids are the apex predators of their inhabited terrestrial ecosystems,performing vital ecological functions that are essential for ecosystem stability and biodiversity conservation.These species are typically characterized by elusive behavior and high vigilance to humans,which brings significant challenges to researchers working on the field survey and research of these species.Nevertheless,with technological advances,collar tracking has brought new opportunities and become an important tool for ecological research.To comprehensively understand the current status of collar tracking research on large felids,this study systematically reviewed the literature from 1985 to 2024 on the 12 large felid species worldwide.We analyzed the spatial distribution of studies,tracking information and research fields to identify the current trends and research gaps,and provide an outlook for the future development and application of collar tracking.We collected 491 articles on large felids tracking,with the number of relevant articles having increased significantly since 2010.With regard to spatial distribution,the study sites(n=501)spanned 49 countries across Europe,Asia,Africa,North America,and South America.North America,southern Africa,northwestern Europe,and southern Asia were hotspots for collar tracking research on large felids,while regions such as China,Russia and northern South America had notable research gaps.The number of studies on cougar(Puma concolor),Eurasian lynx(Lynx lynx),lion(Panthera leo),leopard(P.pardus),and tiger(P.tigris)was considerable.Collar tracking technology has shifted from VHF radio telemetry to satellite tracking since 2010,with the latter becoming the mainstream due to its high accuracy,large data amount wide coverage and minimal human resource requirements.Existing research has focused mainly on predation or feeding,habitat selection and use,home range,movement patterns and population dynamics.This study proposes strengthening collar tracking research in China,promoting technological innovation in tracking,establishing standardized collar tracking research paradigms,and enhancing interdisciplinary cooperation and data sharing to facilitate the effective conservation and management of large felids.