摘要
为研制开发环保低毒、生物可降解、具有缓释功能的微球剂型,本研究以壳聚糖为载体材料、京尼平为交联剂,以水溶性杀菌剂噁霉灵(hymexazol)为模式药剂,采用反相乳液聚合法成功制备了京尼平交联壳聚糖微球,并通过包封和吸附两种方式实现了对噁霉灵的负载。通过载药量测试、释放试验以及土柱淋溶试验,明确了噁霉灵微球剂(MS)的最佳载药方式,通过离体杀菌试验和盆栽试验评估了噁霉灵微球剂的生物活性,同时测试了京尼平交联壳聚糖微球的细胞毒性以及噁霉灵微球剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性。结果表明:采用包封载药方式制备的噁霉灵微球剂粒径为6.42μm,载药量为15.87%,12 h累计释放率为71.56%,缓释效果显著,并具有pH响应释放的特性。在相同有效成分含量下,噁霉灵微球剂对瓜果腐霉病菌的活性与传统噁霉灵水剂相当。土壤处理表明,噁霉灵微球剂在土壤中的持留性明显优于噁霉灵水剂,7 d内流失量仅为67.69%。相较于水剂,噁霉灵微球剂在更低浓度下对由瓜果腐霉病菌引起的黄瓜猝倒病防治效果更佳。此外,所制备的京尼平交联壳聚糖微球相较于传统交联剂制备的戊二醛交联壳聚糖微球表现出较低的细胞毒性,且以其为载体制备的噁霉灵微球剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性显著低于水剂。研究表明,所制备噁霉灵微球剂是一种环保、高效、低毒且具有缓释功能的土壤处理制剂,具有良好的开发应用前景。
To develop an environmentally friendly,low toxicity,biodegradable microsphere formulation with sustained-release functionality,this study selects chitosan as the carrier material and genipin as the cross-linking agent,using water-soluble fungicide hymexazol as the model drug.The reverse emulsion polymerization method was successfully used to prepare genipin-crosslinked chitosan microspheres and the microsphere loading of hymexazol was achieved through both encapsulation and adsorption methods.The optimal loading method for hymexazol microspheres was determined through the loading tests,release tests,and soil column leaching tests.The biological activity of hymexazol microspheres was evaluated using in vitro antifungal assays and pot experiments.Meanwhile,the cytotoxicity of the genipin cross-linked chitosan microspheres and the acute toxicity of hymexazol microspheres were examined.The results showed that the particle size of hymexazol microspheres prepared by encapsulation was 6.42μm and the drug loading rate was 15.87%.The release rate of hymexazol microspheres was 71.56%within 12 h,showing a remarkable slow-release effect and pH-responsive release characteristics.With the same content of active ingredients,the fungicidal effect of hymexazol microspheres against Pythium aphanidermatum was similar to that of traditional hymexazol aqueous solutions.Soil treatment showed that the retention of hymexazol microspheres was significantly better than that of hymexazol aqueous solutions,with only 67.69%loss in 7 days.Meanwhile,compared to the aqueous solution,hymexazol microspheres showed better control of cucumber damping-off disease caused by P.aphanidermatum at a lower concentration.In addition,the genipin-crosslinked chitosan microspheres prepared in this study showed lower cytotoxicity than the traditional glutaric dialdehydecrosslinked chitosan microspheres.Additionally,the hymexazol microspheres formulated using them as carriers showed significantly lower acute toxicity to earthworms than the hymexazol aqueous solutions.The results indicate that the prepared hymexazol microspheres are environmentally friendly,highefficiency,low-toxicity,and slow-release soil treatment formulation,with good prospects for development and application.
作者
高瑞
王磊
闫芃坤
马英剑
于萌
潘寿贺
王寅敏
赵锐
郭鑫宇
徐勇
吴学民
GAO Rui;WANG Lei;YAN Pengkun;MA Yingjian;YU Meng;PAN Shouhe;WANG Yinmin;ZHAO Rui;GUO Xinyu;XU Yong;WU Xuemin(Innovation Center of Pesticide Research,Department of Applied Chemistry,College of Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《农药学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1080-1093,1052,共15页
Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1700403)
国家林业和草原局应急揭榜挂帅项目(KJ2023110084)。
关键词
壳聚糖
微球
京尼平
响应释放
噁霉灵
黄瓜猝倒病
chitosan
microspheres
genipin
responsive-release
hymexazol
cucumber damping-off