铜代谢与口腔疾病的诊断及治疗

Copper metabolism and diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases

背景:铜是人体的必需微量元素,在机体各项生理活动中起着重要作用,其代谢异常与多种疾病密切相关。铜代谢主要涉及铜离子的吸收、转运、储存和排泄等过程,这些过程共同调节铜稳态。近年来,多项研究证实铜稳态失调会严重影响人体的代谢活动,引起各个系统的疾病,而其中铜在口腔疾病中的作用也一直备受关注。目的:探讨铜在口腔疾病发生发展和治疗中的作用,并对这一领域的研究进展进行综合概述。方法:由第一作者应用计算机在PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网检索铜在口腔疾病中的相关研究,以“Cu,Copper,Copper metabolism,Oraldiseases,Oral squamous cell carcinoma,Periodontitis,Oral submucous fibrosis,Oral lichen planus,Recurrent oral ulceration,Pulpitis”等为英文检索词,以“铜,铜代谢,口腔疾病,口腔鳞状细胞癌,牙周炎,口腔黏膜纤维下变性,口腔扁平苔藓,口腔溃疡,牙髓炎”等为中文检索词,经过筛选后纳入78篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)口腔鳞状细胞癌患者血清及唾液内的铜浓度升高,升高的铜通过氧化应激和促进血管生成,促进癌症进展。而通过靶向过度升高或降低肿瘤细胞内铜浓度均可抑制肿瘤细胞生长,铜与抗癌药物联合应用,能显著提高药物疗效。(2)牙周炎患者血清中铜浓度升高,铜过量可促进氧化应激,加重牙周炎。而铜与药物制剂联合作用,可促进牙周骨再生和牙周组织愈合。(3)体内铜水平与口腔黏膜纤维化程度呈正相关关系,升高的铜进入口腔黏膜内,上调赖氨酰氧化酶的活性,从而增加胶原蛋白的产生,促进口腔黏膜纤维化。(4)口腔扁平苔藓患者体内铜含量升高,升高的铜可能通过调控免疫细胞功能促进扁平苔藓的进展。(5)复发性口腔溃疡患者血清铜水平显著增高,铜利用发生障碍,可导致含铜酶活性降低,从而影响溃疡的愈合。由此可见:铜与多种口腔疾病密切相关,针对铜的相关治疗可显著提高药物疗效,但还需进一步研究其作用机制,为口腔疾病提供更完善的治疗策略奠定基础。

BACKGROUND:Copper is an essential trace element and plays a key role in series of physiological activities in the body.Metabolic disturbance of copper is closely associated with multiple diseases.Copper metabolism is mainly involved in the absorption,transport,storage and excretion of copper ions,and all the above processes regulate copper homeostasis in the body.In recent years,many studies have confirmed that copper homeostasis disorder severely affects the metabolic activities of the body and cause diseases in various systems.Besides,the role of copper in oral diseases has been of great interest.OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of copper in occurrence,development,and treatment of oral diseases,and provide a comprehensive overview of research advances in this field.METHODS:The first author searched relevant studies on copper in oral diseases using a computer in PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI.The key words were“Cu,copper,copper metabolism,oral diseases,oral squamous cell carcinoma,periodontitis,oral submucous fibrosis,oral lichen planus,recurrent oral ulceration,pultitis”in English and Chinese.After screening,78 articles were included for further review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma have elevated concentrations of copper in serum and saliva,and elevated copper promotes cancer progression through oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis.Excessive elevation or reduction of copper concentration in tumor cells can inhibit the growth of tumor cells.The combination of copper and anticancer drugs can significantly improve the efficacy of drugs.(2)The concentration of copper in the serum of patients with periodontitis is increased,and excessive copper can aggravate periodontitis through promoting oxidative stress.Combination of copper and drugs can promote periodontal bone regeneration and periodontal tissue healing.(3)The level of copper is positively correlated with degree of oral mucosa fibrosis.Copper that enters the oral mucosa promotes fibrosis of oral mucosa by enhancing activity of lysyloxidase to increase production of collagen.(4)Copper levels are elevated in patients with oral lichen planus,and elevated copper may promote the progression of oral lichen planus by modulating immune cell function.(5)In patients with recurrent oral ulcers,serum copper level is significantly increased,and utilization of copper becomes disordered,which could decrease copper-containing enzyme activity,thus affecting the healing of ulcers.Copper is closely associated with multiple oral diseases and therapies targeting at copper could obviously enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs.But further studies are still needed to uncover its mechanisms to lay foundation for the better treatment of oral diseases.