清至民国内蒙古水涧沟的水利演进与社会递嬗——以碑刻资料为中心的考察

Water Conservancy Evolution and Social Changes in Shuijian Gully of Inner Mongolia from the Qing Dynasty to Republic of China Period--An Investigation Centered on Inscriptions

水涧沟是内蒙古土默特地区大青山南麓的较大沟谷之一。入清以来,随着移民迁入和土地开垦,土默特地区农业用水需求量不断增加,原本自由流淌的大青山南麓山涧水被次第开发,成为周边地区农田灌溉的重要水源。水涧沟作为大青山南麓第四大沟,在被开发利用过程中,留下一批反映堤坝修筑、沟水使用等事项的水利碑刻。本文拟以水涧沟水利碑刻为核心史料,同时参酌其他资料,考察蒙旗水利秩序与社会变迁之间的内在关联,以期为北部边疆研究提供参考线索。

ShuiJian Gully(Shuijian Gou)is one of large gullies in southern foothills of Daqing Mountain(Daqing Shan)in Inner Mongolia’s Tümet region.Since the Qing Dynasty,with the immigrants moving in and land reclamation,the demand for agricultural water in the Tümet region has been increasing,and the original free-flowing mountain streams in the southern foothills of Daqing Mountain have been exploited,becoming an important source of water for irrigating farmland in the surrounding areas.Shuijian Gully,the fourth largest ditch in southern foothills of Daqing Mountain,left a number of water conservancy inscriptions reflecting the construction of dikes,the evolution of water use and other matters,in the process of its development and utilization.This paper intends to examine the intrinsic correlation between water conservancy order and mongolian social changes,based on the water conservancy inscriptions of Shuijian Gully,and by referring to other materials,with a view to providing reference clues for the study of the northern border.