浙江珍稀濒危植物现状及优先保护研究

Resource status and priority for the protection of rare and endangered plants in Zhejiang Province,China

该文对《国家重点保护野生植物名录》(2021年)及《浙江省重点保护野生植物名录》(2023年,待发布)中在浙江分布的珍稀濒危植物的物种组成特征、地理分布格局进行了分析,运用濒危系数、遗传价值系数和物种价值系数定量分析浙江全省珍稀濒危植物优先保护顺序。结果表明:(1)浙江分布的珍稀濒危植物共101科229属333种,其中种子植物共311种,占比高达93.39%,以兰科(Orchidaceae)植物种类最为丰富,有32属56种。(2)从区域水平分布看,浙江的珍稀濒危植物密度较高地区主要集中在浙西北天目山区(147种)、浙西南洞宫山区(164种),浙北平原分布的珍稀濒危植物种类少。(3)从垂直分布看,随着海拔的升高,珍稀濒危植物的种类先增加后减少,呈现倒“U”形的分布趋势,在海拔601~800 m范围种类最多(60科113属144种)。(4)根据优先保护定量分析,属于优先保护Ⅰ级82种(24.62%)、Ⅱ级144种(43.24%)、Ⅲ级85种(25.53%)、IV级22种(6.61%)。浙江珍稀濒危植物种类丰富,通过分析直观地反映了省内各珍稀濒危植物保护的迫切程度,各物种现状与分析结果大致相符,需加强监测并及时对优先保护顺序进行动态调整。

The present study analyzed the listed rare and endangered plants on List of National Key Protected Wild Plants in China(2021)and List of Key Protected Wild Plants in Zhejiang Province(2023)(to be announced),which are known to occur in Zhejiang Province and their patterns of distribution.Using the coefficients of endangerment,genetic value,and species value,priority protection of rare and endangered plants in Zhejiang Province was quantitatively analyzed.The results were as follows:(1)A total of 333 rare and endangered species belonging 229 genera in 101 families had been documented as occurring in Zhejiang,of which 311 species(accounting for 93.39%)were seed plants.The family Orchidaceae had the greatest species richness with 56 species in 32 genera.(2)At the regional level,the highest densities of rare and endangered plants in Zhejiang were mainly concentrated in the Tianmu Mountain area(including 147 species)in Northwest Zhejiang and the Donggong Mountain area(including 164 species)in Southwest Zhejiang,whereas fewer rare and endangered plant species were distributed in the plains of North Zhejiang.(3)Based on elevation,the distribution of rare and endangered species revealed a reversed“U”-shaped pattern of firstly increasing with increasing elevation and then decreasing as the elevation continued to increase.The largest number of rare and endangered species(144 in 113 genera of 60 families)was found at elevations 601 m to 800 m above sea level.(4)According to the quantitative analysis of priority protection,82 species(24.62%)were classified as requiring the first level of priority protection(I),and 144(43.24%),85(25.53%),and 22(6.61%)species were classified as levels Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ,respectively.It is a species richness of rare and endangered plants in Zhejiang Province,and this analysis provides a more intuitive reflection of urgent need for a specific degree of protection for various species.The current status of each species is roughly consistent with the results,and it is necessary to strengthen monitoring for proposing dynamically adjustments of the priority protection order for rare and endangered plants.