典型高速公路服务区污水水质与处理效果调研分析

Investigation and Analysis on Sewage Quality and Treatment Effect in Typical Expressway Service Areas

选取江苏省境内车流量和污水排放情况有较强代表性的典型高速公路服务区进行实地调查与水质监测,分别对不同时间段以及不同等级服务区的水质变化特征进行深入分析,为服务区污水处理工艺设计和运行维护提供参考。结果表明,不同等级公路服务区进水浓度存在较大差异,同一等级公路不同服务区之间进水浓度也存在较大差异;受服务区规模、功能差异以及车乘人员数量随机性的影响,污水处理设施的进水水质在每时甚至每月都具有较大的波动性,同一服务区节假日期间进水COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TN浓度变化系数分别可达2.50,2.21,2.31;不同服务区进水浓度变化系数存在较大差异且无明显变化规律。出水水质分析结果表明,高速公路服务区污水处理设施抗冲击负荷能力普遍较弱,脱氮除磷效能低,出水难以稳定达标;与A^(2)O工艺相比,MBR工艺具有更高的COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,TN去除效能;TP主要通过化学除磷去除;较大的调节池容积可以延长水力停留时间,有助于提升污水处理系统抗冲击负荷能力。调研发现,高速公路服务区污水处理主要存在水质水量基础数据缺乏、设计规模不匹配、工艺不尽合理、维护管理力度不足、监督管理缺位等问题,提出深入水质水量调研、研发适宜工艺、加强运维管理、落实监督责任等相应对策。

The investigation on sewage quality in expressway service areas is of great significance for the sewage treatment design and operation.The field survey and water quality monitoring were conducted in the typical expressway service areas with strong representativeness in terms of traffic volume and sewage discharge in Jiangsu province.The water quality variation characteristics in different time periods and different grade service areas were analyzed to provide reference for the sewage treatment process design and operation in service areas.The result indicates that the significant variations exist in the influent water concentrations in the expressway service areas with different grades,as well as in the different service areas with the same grade.Affected by the service area scale,functional difference,and the randomness of passenger number,the influent water quality of sewage treatment facilities has significant fluctuations every hour or even every month.The variation coefficients of COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and TN concentrations in the same service area during holidays can reach 2.50,2.21,2.31 respectively.The influent water concentration variation coefficients in different service areas are quite different and have no obvious variation rule.The analysis results of effluent water quality show that the sewage treatment facilities in expressway service areas generally have weak impact load resistance,low efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal,and the effluent is difficult to reach the standard stably.Compared with the A^(2)O process,the MBR process has higher removal efficiency of COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and TN.TP is mainly removed by using chemical phosphorus removal.The larger volume of adjustment tank can prolong the hydraulic retention time.It is helpful to improve the impact load resistance of sewage treatment system.It is found that the main problems of expressway service area sewage treatment are the basic data lack on water quality and quantity,mismatched design scale,unreasonable process,insufficient maintenance,and lack of supervision and management.Therefore,the corresponding countermeasures are supposed to put forward,e.g.,in-depth study on water quality and quantity,investment in suitable processes,strengthening operation and maintenance management,and implementing supervisory responsibilities.