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人工智能发展如何影响劳动力就业?

How Do AI Developments Affect Labour Force Employment?
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摘要 人工智能发展引起劳动方式的演变,对就业规模产生替代效应、吸纳效应与跨期时间效应三重影响,造成就业结构的极化现象,并赋予就业方式以智能化、多元化与弹性化特征。随着人工智能与实体经济的深度融合,“人机协同”将成为人类未来劳动力就业的新常态。积极应对短期内人工智能发展给劳动力就业带来的挑战,应从三个方面着手:一是经济效益与技术选择,把握新兴技术的外生性,扩大新兴产业再生产,强化人工智能的就业吸纳效应;二是技能培训与劳动转型,加深人机协同程度,实现人机双向赋能,弱化就业替代效应;三是宏观引导与政策规制,普及人工智能技术教育,实施技术冲击兜底措施,淡化人工智能的跨期时间效应,努力实现技术进步、经济效益增长与劳动力就业稳定的良性经济生态圈。 The development of artificial intelligence has led to the evolution of labour practices,which has had a triple impact on the scale of employment in terms of substitution,absorption,and inter-temporal effects,resulting in the polarization of the employment structure and giving employment practices an intelligent,diversified,and flexible character.With the deep integration of AI and the real economy,“human-machine collaboration”will become the new normal of human labour and employment in the future.In order to actively respond to the challenges brought by the development of AI to the employment of the workforce in the short term,we should focus on three aspects:Firstly,economic benefits and technological choices,grasping the homogeneity of emerging technology,expanding the reproduction and growth of emerging industries,and strengthening the employment absorption effect of AI.Secondly,skills training and labour transformation,deepening the degree of human-machine synergy,achieving mutual empowerment between humans and machines,and weakening the substitution effect of employment.Thirdly,macro-guidance and policy regulation,popularizing the education of AI technology,implementing measures to cushion the impact of technological disruptions,and downplaying the inter-periodic effect of AI,striving to realize the benign economic ecosystem of technological advancement,economic benefit growth,and labour employment stability.
作者 张旭 于蒙蒙 郭义盟 ZHANG Xu;YU Mengmeng;GUO Yimeng(Institute of Economic Research,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100836,China;School of Marxism,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Department of Economics,Party School of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of C.P.C,Chengdu 610071,China)
出处 《烟台大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 2024年第6期14-25,共12页 Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)
基金 国家社会科学基金西部项目“新发展格局下促进农民农村共同富裕的实现路径研究”(22XKS015)。
关键词 人工智能 劳动方式演变 就业替代效应 吸纳效应 跨期时间效应 劳动力 就业规模 artificial intelligence evolution of labour practices employment substitution effects absorption effects inter-temporal effect labour force the scale of employment
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