高厨余垃圾填埋场降解稳定化规律及分阶段治理方式

Degradation and Stabilization Behaviors of High Kitchen Waste Landfills and Phased Treatment Methods

我国和其他大多数发展中国家的城市生活垃圾厨余含量高,含水率高,填埋后生化降解稳定化规律与欧美国家的“干垃圾”有显著的区别,欧美国家的填埋场设计、运行及治理方法与技术难以解决高厨余垃圾填埋场堆体稳定安全和液气污染控制难题。首先介绍生活垃圾降解-固结理论,该理论能够模拟生化降解-骨架变形-液气渗流-溶质迁移-热量传导耦合过程。基于该理论模拟分析结果,将高厨余垃圾填埋场降解稳定化过程分为快速降解阶段、慢速降解阶段及后稳定化阶段。然后介绍不同降解稳定化阶段填埋堆体治理策略和技术,包括液气分离立体导排、填埋气高效收集、好氧加速稳定化、快速注气处理与开挖筛分再利用。再者介绍填埋场液气污染阻隔管控技术,包括垂直阻隔和生态覆盖。最后介绍减污降碳治理与生态修复技术在深圳、武汉及温州典型填埋场的工程应用案例。

The municipal solid waste in China and most other developing countries has a high content of kitchen waste,high moisture content,and significant differences in the biochemical degradation and stabilization behaviors compared to‘dry waste’in European and American countries.The design,operation,and treatment methods and technologies of landfills in European and American countries are difficult to solve the problems of stability,safety,and liquid-gas pollution control at high kitchen waste landfills.This paper first introduced the degradation-consolidation theory of landfilled waste,which could simulate the coupling process of biochemical degradation,skeleton deformation,liquid-gas transportation,solute migration,and heat conduction.Based on the theoretical calculation results,the degradation and stabilization process of high kitchen waste landfill was divided into rapid degradation stage,slow degradation stage,and post stabilization stage.Then different strategies and technologies for landfill treatment at different stages were introduced,including three-dimensional liquid and gas drainage,efficient collection of landfill gas,aerobic accelerated stabilization,rapid air injection treatment,and excavation screening and reuse.Furthermore,the technologies for controlling and preventing liquid and gas pollution in landfills were introduced,including vertical barriers and ecological coverage.Finally,the engineering application cases of pollution reduction and carbon reduction management and ecological restoration technologies in typical landfill sites in Shenzhen,Wuhan,and Wenzhou were introduced.