民营企业经营自主权的宪法意蕴

The Constitutional Connotation of Management Autonomy of Private Enterprises

作为社会主义市场经济非公有制经济组织形式的绝对支柱,民营企业目前在质量和数量上都达到了无法漠视的新规模。我国宪法在处理经营自主权的问题上,对国有企业、集体经济组织和民营企业三种主体表现出不同的立场。虽可从平等权、人权、公民私有财产保障、社会主义市场经济等条款中考察到我国宪法对民营企业经营自主权的保护倾向,但不能据此否定在宪法上承认该基本权利的必要性。民营企业经营自主权属于“有待立法形成型”基本权利,其事项保护范围应涵盖开展经济活动、商业活动的自由、企业内部管理权、组织自由及竞争自由等内容。对该基本权利可沿“国家依法保护民营企业的经营自主权”之路径明确边界。民营企业经营自主权的主客观面向对应着国家的消极义务和积极义务。

As the absolute pillar of non-public economic organizational forms in the socialist market economy,private enterprises have reached a new scale that cannot be ignored both in quality and quantity.However,in dealing with the issue of management autonomy,the Constitution shows different positions on state-owned enterprises,collective economic organizations and private enterprises.Although we can observe the tendency of protecting the management autonomy of private enterprises in the Constitution of China from provisions on equal rights,human rights,private property protection and socialist market economy,we cannot deny the necessity of acknowledging this basic right in the Constitution.The management autonomy of private enterprises a kind of basic rights"to be formed in future legislation",and its scope should cover the freedom of conducting economic and commercial activities,right to internal management,freedom of organization and freedom of competition.The boundaries of this basic right can be determined by following the path of"The state protects the management autonomy of private enterprises according to law".The subjective and objective facets of the management autonomy of private enterprises correspond to the negative and positive obligations of the state.