双温区声功回收型脉管制冷机环境温度影响研究

Influences of Ambient Temperature on Dual-Temperature-Zone Pulse Tube Refrigerator with Acoustic Power Recovery Phase Shifter

双温区脉管制冷机可以满足2个温区同时取冷的需求,但在实际应用场景中,制冷性能受环境温区影响较大,限制了其在复杂环境中的应用。基于双温区声功回收主动调相的脉管制冷机,研究了环境温度对调相器气体负载、冷指入口声功及双温区制冷量的影响特性。研究表明:相较于传统仅包含膨胀调相腔的活塞型调相器,当环境温度自253 K升至333 K时,声功回收型调相器活塞总气体负载刚度最大变化量仅为2630 kg/s^(2),影响程度降低86.1%,表明了声功回收型调相器具有更强的环境温度适应性。实验结果显示:在制冷机环境及散热面温度分别为253 K和333 K时,通过主动调控调相器活塞运动振幅和相位差,可对双温区制冷量进行主动调控。

Pulse tube refrigerators are widely used in space detection and quantum computing due to their low vibration output at the cold end and high reliability.Dual-temperature-zone pulse tube refrigerators can simultaneously achieve dual cooling temperatures.However,in the actual application scenario,the cooling performance is largely affected by the ambient temperature zones,which limits applications in complex environments.In this study,based on the dual-temperature-zone pulse tube refrigerator with an active acoustic power recovery phase shifter,the influence characteristics of the ambient temperature on the gas spring of the phase shifter,inlet acoustic power of the cold finger,and dual-temperature cooling capacities are investigated.Unlike the conventional piston-type phase shifter,which has only an expansion chamber,the acoustic power recovery phase shifter has an acoustic power recovery chamber at the back end of the piston,which can recover the expansion acoustic power from the hot end of the pulse tube.Compared to the traditional piston-type phase regulator containing only an expansion chamber,when the ambient temperature increases from 253 K to 333 K,the maximum change in the total gas spring stiffness of the piston in the acoustic power recovery phase shifter is only 2630 kg/s^(2),and the level of impact could be reduced by 86.1%,which shows that the acoustic power recovery phase shifter has a higher adaptability to the ambient temperature.The experiment shows active control of cooling capacities in dual-temperature zones by adjusting the piston motion of the phase shifter at ambient temperatures of 253 K and 333 K.