流动的通道与民族共同体建设——以?水中下游的早期开发治理为例

Flowing Channel and the Building of a Community for the Nation——Early Development and Management of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Wushui River

水是长江水系沅水的一级支流,流经贵州、湖南两省,所经之处族群构成复杂。明清时期,中央王朝通过不同的方式经由?水对该区域进行以军事为保障的政治治理和经济开发,随之多样化人群在这个区域里迁徙和流动,形成了人口、经济、文化三方面多民族互嵌的民族共同体。明代卫所和屯田制度促使军事移民进入该地区,清代自发性移民也有所增加,?水中下游成为各民族人口交融的区域。明清时期中央王朝与苗疆通过?水互通有无,贸易发展推动该区域各民族的交流与互动日益深化。明代起中央王朝在?水中下游设立了官学和社学,大量少数民族子弟通过接受汉学教育科举入仕,实现了在思想层面的民族融合。国家通过经年对于?水中下游的多维度区域治理接通了湖广与贵州,使之成为西南治理的重要通道,这带来的不仅仅是道路、桥梁、学校建设等设施及景观的变化,也把商品、生产生活方式和儒家文化传递到该区域,为中华民族共同体意识的形成提供了坚实的物质基础。

The Wushui River is a first-class tributary of the Yuan River in the Yangtze River system,flowing through Guizhou and Hunan Provinces where there is a complex composition of ethnic groups.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the central government carried out political governance and economic development guaranteed by military forces in this region through the Wushui River in different ways,which led to the migration and mobility of diversified groups of people in the region and the formation of a multi-ethnic community embedded in demography,economy,and culture.In the Ming Dynasty,the system of"Weisuo"(guard post)and“Tuntian”(reclamation of lands)brought military migrants into this region,and spontaneous migrants also increased in the Qing Dynasty,making the middle and lower reaches of the Wushui River a place of exchange and integration for different ethnic groups.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the central government developed trade with the frontier of Miao ethnic group through the Wushui River,which deepened interactions among the various ethnic groups there.Since the Ming Dynasty,the central government set up governmental schools and community schools in the middle and lower reaches of the Wushui River,and a large number of people from ethnic minorities were selected as officials by the imperial examination system after receiving the education of Han people,realizing the ethnic integration at the ideological level.Through years of multi-dimensional regional governance along the middle and lower reaches of the Wushui River,the country has connected Hunan,Hubei and Guizhou provinces,making it an important channel for the governance of Southwest China,which not only changed the facilities and landscapes such as roads,bridges,and the construction of schools,but also spread commodities,ways of life,and the culture of Confucianism to this region,setting a solid material foundation for the formation of the sense of community for the Chinese nation.