小句整合与量级凸显——焦点助词“哪怕”的形成

Clause Integration and Scalar Salience:The Formation of Focus Particle"Napa"

“哪怕”除了在复句中作让步条件连词外,还可以在单句中作焦点助词,这是小句整合的结果。“哪怕”小句最初以插入语的形式进入主句,句法降级后成为依附性成分。在单句内,“哪怕”对后续的量级成分进行焦点凸显,通过极量蕴含周遍量,形成强调表达,表现言者的情感、态度和认识。推动“哪怕”小句整合的动因是信息结构的完形重塑,“哪怕”小句作为插入语与中心语句法位置相邻是整合发生的重要句法条件,去句化、句法降级和语调融合是其整合机制。

In addition to being a concessional condition conjunction in complex sentences,"napa"(哪怕)can also be a focus particle in a simple sentence,which is the result of the integration of clauses.The"napaclause"initially enters the main clause in the form of parenthesis,and becomes the dependent component after syntactic degradation.In a simple sentence,"napa"focuses on the scalar component that follows,and forms an emphatic expression through the extreme value,showing the perspective,affect and epistmic modality of the speaker.The motivation for the integration of the"napa-clause"is the gestalt restructuring of the information structure.The adjacency of the"napa-clause"to the main sentence is an important syntactic condition for the integration,and desententialization of subordinate clause,syntactic degradation and intonation fusion are the mechanisms of such integration.