抑郁症中小胶质细胞对中枢神经系统调控作用的研究进展

Research progress in microglia regulation of depressionrelated central nervous system disorders

抑郁症患者中枢神经系统发生一系列复杂变化,包括小胶质细胞的激活、神经炎症、神经递质失调和神经可塑性变化等。小胶质细胞在其中发挥关键作用,但与这些过程的关系仍不明确。本文总结了生理和抑郁状态下小胶质细胞对中枢神经系统的调控作用,重点介绍了抑郁状态下小胶质细胞的激活,以及小胶质细胞与神经炎症、下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴、神经递质失调和神经可塑性变化之间的相互作用,有助于系统地理解抑郁症相关生物学机制,并为寻找治疗抑郁症的新靶点提供参考。

Depression is associated with a range of intricate alterations in the central nervous system,such as microglia activation,neuroinflammation,neurotransmitter imbalances,and modifications in neuroplasticity.Although microglia play a crucial role in these changes,its relationship with these processes remains unclear.The objective of this review was to made a comprehensive overview of the roles played by microglia in regulating the central nervous system druing both normal physiological states and depressive conditions.Specifically,we focused on their activation in depression and examined how they interact with neuroinflammation,dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,imbalances in neurotransmitters,and alterations in neuroplasticity.These together would further our systematic understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying depression,and provide a theoretical basis for identifying novel therapeutic targets for this disorder.