丁香酚的药理作用研究进展

A review on the pharmacological effects of eugenol

丁香酚又名4-烯丙基-2-甲氧基苯酚,是一种来源于丁香、丁香罗勒油、肉桂、郁金香、胡椒等草药的弱酸性苯基萜类化合物。其药理作用极其广泛,近年来研究表明丁香酚能破坏菌体细胞壁膜,诱导产生过量活性氧来抑制细菌生长。丁香酚可下调炎性因子表达,其机制可能与核转录因子-κB(Nuclear Transcription Factor-Kappa B,NF-κB)信号通路中NF-κB抑制蛋白α降解受抑制和血小板花生四烯酸(Arachidonic Acid,AA)代谢通路关键酶表达降低相关。丁香酚可影响视前区-下丘脑前部温度敏感神经元、抑制一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide,NO)-环磷酸鸟苷(cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate,cGMP)信号通路及前列腺素E_(2)(Prostaglandin E_(2),PGE_(2))合成,达到解热镇痛作用。丁香酚可动态调控机体糖脂代谢平衡,激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated Protein Kinase,AMPK)途径,从而纠正细胞能量紊乱。丁香酚具有较强的清除氧自由基能力和铁还原能力,可抑制油脂、DNA氧化损伤,对心肌、黏膜和神经均具有保护作用,可诱导癌相关成纤维细胞凋亡,抑制癌细胞侵袭及癌组织血管生成。丁香酚被广泛用于治疗糖尿病、病毒病、真菌病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、阿尔茨海默病等多种疾病。作为一种天然植物提取物,其作用广泛且不良反应较小,具有广阔的开发和应用前景。目前,关于丁香酚的研究主要集中在食品保鲜、植物保护、美容、口腔医学、畜牧业等领域且仍处于初级阶段,丁香酚已知药理作用的相关机制亦未完全阐明。本研究综述丁香酚在抗炎、调控能量代谢、抗氧化、心肌保护、黏膜保护、神经保护和抗肿瘤方面的优势及其作用机制的研究进展,以期为丁香酚的进一步开发和临床应用提供参考。

Eugenol,also known as 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol,is a weakly acidic phenyl terpenoid derived from clove,clove Ebasil oil,cinnamon,tulip,pepper and other herbs.Its pharmacological effects are extremely broad,recent studies have shown that eugenol can damage the bacterial cell wall membrane,inducing the production of excess reactive oxygen species to inhibit bacterial growth.Eugenol can down-regulate the expression of inflammatory factors,which may be associated with the inhibition of IκBαdegradation in the NF-κB signaling pathway,as well as reduced AA metabolism key enzyme expression.It can also affect the temperature-sensitive neurons in the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus,inhibit the NO-cGMP signaling pathway and prostaglandin E_(2) synthesis to achieve antipyretic and analgesic effects.Eugenol can dynamically regulate the balance of glucose and lipid metabolism of the body,activate the AMPK pathway so as to rectify the cellular energy disorders.It also has a strong ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals and iron reduction,which can inhibit oxidative damage to oil and DNA.Eugenol has protective effects on myocardium,mucosa and nerves,also can induce cancer-related fibroblasts apoptosis,inhibit cancer cell invasion and cancer tissue angiogenesis.Eugenol is now widely used in the treatment of diabetes,viral diseases,fungal diseases,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,Alzheimer’s disease and many other diseases.As a natural plant extract with wide range of effects and less adverse reactions,eugenol has a broad development and application prospect.At present,the research on eugenol mainly focuses on food preservation,plant protection,cosmetology,stomatology,animal husbandry and other fields and is still in the primary stage,and the relevant pharmacological effect mechanisms of eugenol have not been fully elucidated.In this paper,the advantages of eugenol in anti-inflammatory reaction,regulating energy metabolism,antioxidant,cardioprotection,mucoprotection,neuroprotection and antitumor effects and its mechanism of action are reviewed,with a view to providing reference for the further development and clinical application of eugenol.