建设工程承包人对优先受偿权的处分自由论

The Freedom of Disposal of the Priority Right to Compensation by the Construction Contractor

针对建设工程承包人可否处分优先受偿权,“禁止处分说”所持优先受偿权系法定权、建筑市场是买方市场的理由,因论据与论点脱节而无法证成禁止承包人放弃优先受偿权的合理性。“限制处分说”以保护建筑工人工资为由,限制承包人放弃优先受偿权,但其将优先受偿权筑基于保障工人工资支付,不仅会对交易安全、撤销权制度、消费性购房人保护制度形成冲击,还会导致已经放弃优先受偿权的承包人作出拖欠工资的逆向选择。从优先受偿权的制度功能来看,其与工人工资并无直接关联,仅对保障工人工资支付具有间接促进的或然性。从优先受偿权的理论基础来看,优先受偿权源于“增值理论”,是基于公平原则而设立的承包人利益保护制度。因此,优先受偿权作为为承包人利益而设的民事财产权,承包人有权自由处分。

As to whether the construction contractor can dispose the priority right to compensation,the“prohibition of disposal”argument holds that such right is a legal right and that the construction market is a buyer’s market,but it cannot prove the reasonableness of prohibiting the contractor from giving up the priority right to compensation due to the disconnection between the arguments and the thesis.The“restriction on disposal”argument restricts contractors from waiving their priority right to compensation on the grounds of protecting the wages of construction workers.However,the priority right to compensation based on the protection of workers’wages will not only impact on the security of transactions,the right to cancellation system and the consumer protection system,but will also lead to the contractors who have already waived the priority right to compensation to make the reverse choice of defaulting on payment of wages.From the perspective of the institutional function of the priority right to compensation,it is not directly related to workers’wages,but only has the contingency of indirectly promoting the protection of workers’wage payment.In terms of its theoretical basis,the priority right to compensation from the“value-added theory”,is the establishment of the contractor’s interest protection system based on the principle of fairness.Therefore,as a civil property right for the benefit of the contractor,the contractor has the right to dispose of it freely.