RDX/Al/AP/ADN温压炸药的安全性及能量水平

Safety and Energy Level of RDX/Al/AP/ADN Thermobaric Explosives

为了探索新型高能氧化剂二硝酰胺铵(ADN)在温压炸药中的应用前景,将ADN替代高氯酸铵(AP)与黑索今(RDX)、铝粉(Al)混合,制备了5种不同ADN/AP质量比(纯AP,ADN∶AP=1∶3,1∶1,3∶1和纯ADN)的温压炸药。通过撞击感度仪、摩擦感度仪和差示扫描量热仪(DSC),测试了其机械感度和热稳定性;采用Explo5计算软件以及燃烧热和爆热装置比较了5种温压炸药样品的能量水平。结果表明,氧化剂为纯AP的温压炸药样品的撞击感度特性落高为17.9 cm;摩擦感度爆炸概率为12%。ADN替代AP后,复合体系的撞击感度特性落高增加7.9~12.0 cm,摩擦感度爆炸概率增加20%~28%。复合体系放热峰温随着ADN/AP质量比的增加先升高后降低,当ADN∶AP=1时放热峰温最高;当ADN∶AP≥1时,组分相互作用剧烈,出现单一尖锐放热峰。当ADN∶AP=1时,样品撞击感度为28.1 cm,摩擦感度为32%,热分解温度为277.9℃,燃烧热和爆热分别为13874.4 kJ∙kg^(-1)和7666.9 kJ∙kg^(-1)。

In order to explore the application prospects of a new high-energy oxidizer ammonium dinitramide(ADN)in thermobaric explosives,ammonium perchlorate(AP)was replaced by ADN to prepare five formulations of thermobaric explosives with different ADN/AP mass ratios(AP,ADN∶AP=1∶3,1∶1,3∶1,ADN).The mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability of the formulations were tested by impact sensitivity instrument,friction sensitivity instrument and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The energy level of five different formulations was calculated by Explo5 software,meanwhile relevant energy parameters were measured by combustion calorimeter and detonation calorimeter.The results indicated that the characteristic drop height of impact sensitivity and the explosion probability of friction sensitivity of the fomulation using pure AP as oxidizer were 17.9 cm and 12%,respectively.But as soon as AP was replaced by ADN in various mass fraction,the characteristic drop height of im-pact sensitivity and the explosion probability of friction sensitivity of the corresponding formulations increased by 7.9-12.0 cm and 20%-28%,respectively.As the ADN/AP mass ratio increased,the peak temperature of exothermic reaction initially increased and then decreased.The highest exothermic peak temperature was observed when the mass ratio of ADN∶AP=1.When the mass ratio of ADN/AP≥1,the components in the formulations interacted intensely,resulting in a single sharp exothermic peak in a DSC curve.When the mass ratio of ADN∶AP=1,the formulation exhibited an impact sensitivity of 28.1 cm,a friction sensitivity of 32%,and a thermal decomposition temperature of 277.9℃.The combustion heat and detonation heat of the formulation were 13874.4 and 7666.9 kJ∙kg^(-1),respectively.