基于第四次全国中药资源普查的四川省中药资源调查报告

Investigation Report of the Species and Reserves of Chinese Materia Medica Resources in Sichuan Based on the 4th Chinese Materia Medica Resource Inventory

目的通过开展为期12年的第四次全国中药资源普查(2011—2022年),获得四川省中药资源的最新本底数据,并与四川省第三次全国中药资源普查(1983—1986年)数据比较,研究分析全省中药资源种类、分布、蕴藏量及其变化情况,为四川省中药产业发展战略和科学规划提供决策依据。方法按照第四次全国中药资源普查技术规范的要求,采用GPS、数码摄影、红外摄影、智能手机终端等新技术新方法开展药用植物、动物、矿物的野外调查,标本采集与鉴定,数据录入与数据分析。结果①四川省第四次全国中药资源普查报告中药资源最新总数为9055种,其中药用植物8272种、药用动物745种、药用矿物38种,发现植物新种8个。②药用植物是中药资源的主要组成部分,而药用植物以高等植物为主,药用植物物种数量排名前20的科包括菊科、蔷薇科、豆科、毛茛科等。③全省重点普查的235种野生中药材的蕴藏量为3672.27万吨,超过10万吨的蕴藏量丰富的野生中药材包括天南星、淫羊藿、升麻、石菖蒲、秦艽、何首乌等49种。④2021年四川省栽培中药材215种,包括枳壳、川芎、黄精、丹参等,在地面积817万亩,产量为126.47万吨。⑤四川省183个区县均发现了丰富的中药资源分布,其中中药资源品种数量超过800种的中药资源富集县(市)30个,峨眉山市、洪雅县、木里藏族自治县等16个县中药资源数量超过1000种。⑥与四川省第三次全国中药资源普查(1983—1986年)结果比较,中药资源总数从4037种增加到9055种,增加116.38%;野生中药材蕴藏量从30.6万吨增加到3672.27万吨,增加119倍;中药资源超过800种的富集县(市)数量从3个增加到30个,增加10倍;发现植物新种8个,包括滨藜叶高山党参、塔公东俄芹、新龙韭等。结论四川省第四次全国中药资源普查摸清了全省中药资源的最新本底数据,与四川省第三次全国中药资源普查结果比较,中药资源的种类、分布、蕴藏量与科、属、种的组成均发生了显著的变化。尤其是四川省中药资源品种数、资源富集县(市)数量和重点普查药用植物品种蕴藏量均居于全国前茅,为素有“中医之乡,中药之库”美誉的四川省更高质量和更高水平发展中药大健康产业提供了详实的基础数据,也为我国制定中药产业发展战略和中药材生产规划提供了坚实的科学依据。

Objective To compare the changes of the Chinese Materia Medica resources(CMMR)in Sichuan based on the data of the 3rd Chinese Materia Medica Resource Inventory(CMMRI,1983-1986)and the 4th CMMRI(2011-2022).Methods Using new techniques,after field investigation,collection and identification of the specimens of the animals,plants and minerals.The data of the CMMR in Sichuan found in the 4th CMMRI were analysed and compared with the data of 3rd CMMRI.Results①9055 species of CMMR were found in Sichuan during the 4th CMMRI,including 8272 species of medicinal plants,745 species of medicinal animals and 38 species of medicinal minerals.Compared with the 3rd CMMRI,the number of CMMR found in Sichuan have greatly increased.The number of medicinal plants increased 5018 species,the number of medicinal animals increased 637 species and the number of medicinal minerals increased 5 species,too.②The medicinal plants is the main part of the CMMR,and the higher plants(7774 species)has the absolute advantage of the CMMR.The top 20 families which have plenty of plant species include Compositae,Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Ranunculaceae,etc.③Based on the data of the CMMR of the 183 counties in Sichuan,the reserves of 235 species of wild CMMR in Sichuan is about 36.72 million ton.There were 49 CMMR which have reserves beyond 100 thousand tons,such as Arisaematis rhizoma,Epimedii folium,Cimicifugae rhizoma,Acori tatarinowii rhizoma,Gentianae macrophyllae radix,Polygoni multiflori radix etc.④In 2021,there were 215 species of CMMR cultivated in Sichuan,the main species were Aurantii fructus,Chuanxiong rhizoma,Polygonati rhizome,Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome.The planting area was 8.17 million and the production was 1.26 million ton.⑤All 183 countries were found CMMR,the number of the species of CMMR in 30 countries exceeded 800,including 16 countries which had more than 1000 kinds of CMMR,such as Emeishan,Hongya,Muli etc.The total types of the CMMR(up 118.31%),the reserves of the wild CMMR(up 119 times)and the number of the counties(up 3 times)which had plenty of CMMR,showed a marked increase over the 3rd CMMRI.8 new species were found in the the 4th CMMRI,such as Codonopsis atriplicifolia,Tongoloa tagongensis,Allium xinlongense,etc.Conclusion The species,the reserves of the CMMR and the resource rich countries in Sichuan are the top 3 in China and Sichuan is worthy of the title of“Hometown of Traditional Chinese Medicine”.The compositions and types of the family,genus and species of the CMMR in Sichuan have significantly increased.The basic information of the CMR in Sichuan was clearly found out during the 4th CMMRI,and beneficial for the sustainable development and utilization of the CMMR in Sichuan.