巴尔鲁克山国家级自然保护区地面生大型地衣物种多样性及其生态指示值

Species Diversity of Ground-Dwelling Macrolichens and Their Ecological Indicator Values in the Baluruk Mountain National Nature Reserve

在巴尔鲁克山国家级自然保护区不同海拔梯度带(落叶林带、针叶林带、草原带、亚高山带)共设置47个20 m×20 m的样地,在出现地面生大型地衣的24个样地中采集标本样品,记录标本采集点的经纬度、海拔高度等信息,鉴定地衣种类;在借鉴已有研究,设计地面生大型地衣的生态指示值(海拔梯度带、光照指示值、湿度指示值、基物酸碱度指示值、土壤养分指示值、富营养化指示值、生长型指示值、光生物类型指示值、繁殖策略指示值、空气污染耐性指示值、分布频度指示值、濒危指示值);采用α-多样性指数法分析研究区域地面生大型地衣多样性、采用β-多样性指数法比较不同样点间地面生大型地衣的差异,分析不同植被带间地面生大型地衣更替率(地面生大型地衣沿海拔梯度变化规律)。结果表明:分布在巴尔鲁克山自然保护区的地面生大型地衣共41种,隶属于3目5科11属,其中地卷属和石蕊属的物种占优势,种数占该地区地面生大型地衣物种总数的65.9%。α-多样性指数,由大到小依次为落叶林带、针叶林带、亚高山草甸带。β-多样性指数显示,落叶林带和草原带间的地面生大型地衣种类的替换率较大,物种相似性较小;针叶林带和亚高山草甸的物种替换率较小,地衣种类较相似。对41种大型地衣的生境指示值、生活史对策指示值、耐性和分布指示值进行了分析,结果显示,地面生大型地衣分布在中等海拔、较湿润、酸性生境中,主要以有性繁殖为主。

In the Baluruk Mountain National Nature Reserve,47 plots of 20 m×20 m were established across different elevation gradients(deciduous forest zone,coniferous forest zone,grassland zone,and subalpine zone).Specimen samples were collected from 24 plots where ground-dwelling macrolichens were present.For each collection point,geographic coordinates,elevation,and other relevant information were recorded,and the lichen species were identified.Based on existing research,ecological indicator values for ground-dwelling macrolichens were designed,including elevation gradient value,light indicator value,humidity indicator value,substrate pH indicator value,soil nutrient indicator value,eutrophication indicator value,growth form indicator value,photobiont type indicator value,reproductive strategy indicator value,air pollution tolerance indicator value,distribution frequency indicator value,and endangered species indicator value.Theα-diversity index was used to analyze the diversity of ground-dwelling macrolichens in the study area,while theβ-diversity index was applied to compare the differences in macrolichen species among different sampling sites,analyzing the turnover rates of macrolichens across different vegetation zones(patterns of macrolichen variation along the elevation gradient).The results showed that a total of 41 species of ground-dwelling macrolichens were identified in the Baluruk Mountain Nature Reserve,belonging to 3 orders,5 families,and 11 genera,with species from the genera Peltigera and Cladonia being dominant,accounting for 65.9%of the total macrolichen species in the region.Theα-diversity index ranked from highest to lowest was as follows:deciduous forest zone,coniferous forest zone,and subalpine meadow zone.Theβ-diversity index indicated a high turnover rate of macrolichen species between the deciduous forest zone and the grassland zone,with lower species similarity,whereas the species turnover rate between the coniferous forest zone and the subalpine meadow was relatively low,indicating greater species similarity.An analysis of the habitat indicator values,life history strategy indicator values,tolerance,and distribution indicator values for the 41 macrolichen species revealed that ground-dwelling macrolichens predominantly occur in moderately elevated,relatively moist,and acidic habitats,with sexual reproduction being the primary mode of reproduction.