近代驻藏大臣松溎的西藏治理及其历史作用

The Governance of Xizang and Its Historical Role by Song Gui,the Minister in Xizang in Modern Times

近代驻藏大臣松溎(1833—1907)的西藏治理及其历史作用,尚未得到学界的全面审视。松溎在同治十三年(1874)九月受任,光绪五年(1879)十一月受令回京,任期五年两个月。在任期间,他贯彻了清政府对西藏地方的政策,加强西藏地方治理,维护了国家的领土完整,维持了西藏地方及毗邻川青地方秩序的稳定。他在处理“洋人入藏”“阻止披楞租地修路与通商”等事务方面尽力而为,虽受时代环境与条件所限最终收效不大,但却缓解了近代西藏地方的治理危机。由于近代清廷逐渐衰微、西藏地方某些力量掣肘等因素制约,松溎在近代西藏地方事务上发挥的历史作用被视为表现“普通”。而这种“普通”正是驻藏大臣制度发展史、西藏地方治理史的必然组成部分之一,因此不应被忽视。

The Governance of Xizang and Its Historical Role in the Modern Minister in Xizang(1874-1879)The modern minister to Xizang,Song Gui(1833-1907),and his historical role in governing Xizang,have not yet been fully examined by scholars.He was appointed in September of the thirteenth year of Tongzhi(1874),and was ordered to return to Beijing in November of the fifth year of Guangxu(1879)for a term of five years and two months.During his tenure of office,he implemented the Qing government's policy toward Xizang,strengthened local governance in Xizang,safeguarded the territorial integrity of the state,and maintained the stability of local order in Xizang.He did his best to“enter Xizang by foreigners”and“prevent the construction of roads and trade with Phileng leased land”,but due to the environment and conditions of the times,he finally achieved little success,but he alleviated the crisis in modern Xizang.Due to the gradual decline of the national strength of the Qing court in modern times and the constraints of certain political forces in Xizang,the historical role played by the Qing court in modern Xizang was regarded as“ordinary”.This kind of“ordinary”is one of the inevitable parts of the history of the development of the system of ministers stationed in Xizang and the history of local governance in Xizang,so it should not be ignored.