摘要
纤维素是构成植物细胞壁的主要成分,也是自然界最丰富的可再生资源。植物纤维素由β-1,4-葡聚糖链组成,其合成是由位于质膜上的纤维素合酶复合体(cellulose synthase complex, CSC)催化完成。文章从生物化学、遗传学和进化角度分析了植物CSC结构及组装方面的最新研究成果,包括纤维素合酶(cellulose synthase, CesA)亚基的蛋白结构特征和生物学功能、CesA组装成玫瑰花环CSC核心复合体的机制,以及CSC结构与纤维素特性的关系。进一步探讨了细胞骨架等辅助蛋白和蛋白翻译后修饰在超分子CSC组装与纤维素合成调控中的作用。最后,文章展望了利用单碱基编辑技术突变植物保守结构域(plant-conserved region, PCR)、N端结构域(N-terminal domain, NTD)或跨膜结构域(transmembrane domain, TM)等结构域的关键氨基酸位点,改变纤维素合酶复合体稳定性和功能,为培育生物量增加、抗逆性增强、适合特定工业应用的新型植物提供理论基础,为植物纤维素基因工程遗传改良提供了新策略。
Cellulose is the main component of plant cell wall and the most abundant renewable resource in nature.Plant cellulose is composed ofβ-1,4-glucan chains,and its synthesis is catalyzed by the cellulose synthase complex(CSC)located on the plasma membrane.In this paper,the latest research findings on the structure and assembly of plant CSC were analyzed from the perspectives of biochemistry,genetics and evolution,these included examining the protein structure characteristics and biological functions of cellulose synthase(CesA)subunits,the mechanism by which CesAs assembly into CSC rosettes core complex,and the relationship between CSC structure and cellulose properties.The roles of auxiliary proteins such as cytoskeleton and post-translational modification of proteins in the assembly of supramolecular CSC and the regulation of cellulose synthesis was further explored.This paper prospected the use of single base editing technology to mutate key amino acid sites in domains such as plant-conserved region(PCR),N-terminal domain(NTD)or transmembrane domain(TM).By regulating the stability and function of CSC,it is expected to cultivate new plants with increased biomass,enhanced stress resistance and suitable for specific industrial applications,which provides a novel strategy for genetic improvement of plant cellulose genetic engineering.
作者
任世坦
郑林
姜廷波
周博如
王宏芝
REN Shitan;ZHENG Lin;JIANG Tingbo;ZHOU Boru;WANG Hongzhi(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期2402-2415,共14页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
北京市农林科学院优秀青年基金项目(YXQN202402)
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230203)。