关于荒漠生态系统健康评价的新思考

New Thinking on Desert Ecosystem Health Assessment

生态系统健康是衡量生态系统稳定性、可持续性、活跃性的标尺。当把通常用于森林、草原、湿地等生态系统,以高权重占比的生物多样性为主要指标的生态系统健康评价体系,照搬到荒漠生态系统进行评价时,通常会产生误判。即在空间大尺度的生态系统健康评价中,荒漠区通常会被识别为亚健康、甚至是不健康状态。通过介绍研究评价荒漠生态系统健康的意义、解析荒漠生态系统健康的内涵、列举人类活动对荒漠生态系统健康产生的正负效应,提出基于不同地质历史时期原生荒漠参照系的荒漠生态系统健康评价新思路,为未来建立更加科学、合理的荒漠生态系统健康评价指标体系与方法提供参考,为新时期科学开展荒漠化综合防治和“三北”工程生态建设提供新见解。

Ecosystem health serves as a benchmark for assessing the stability,sustainability,and vitality of an ecosystem.When the ecosystem health assessment system,primarily designed for forest,grassland,and wetland ecosystems,with a significant proportion of biodiversity as the main indicator,is directly applied to desert ecosystems,it often results in misinterpretations.In large-scale assessments of ecosystem health,desert areas are often found to be in a state of sub-optimal health or even unhealthy.This paper delves into the significance of assessing the health of desert ecosystems,defines the essence of desert ecosystem health,enumerates both positive and negative impacts of human activities on desert ecosystem health,and introduces a novel method for desert ecosystem health assessment based on reference systems of native deserts in various geological periods,offers a scientific foundation for the development of a more rational and scientific index system and method to assess desert ecosystem health in the future,and provides fresh perspectives for the effective implementation of comprehensive measures against desertification and the ecological development associated with the Great Green Wall in the new period.