西尼罗热诊断技术

Diagnostic Technology of West Nile Fever

西尼罗热(West Nile fever,WNF)是由西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus,WNV)感染引起的一种人兽共患病,主要通过蚊子叮咬传播,临床表现以发热、皮疹和淋巴结肿大等为主,可侵犯中枢神经系统产生脑炎症状,人类对其高度易感且致死率较高。对于WNF的防控目前尚无可用疫苗和特效治疗药物。及时、准确的诊断,对治疗和防止疫情的快速传播具有极重要的意义。本文对当前WNV检测技术的最新成果、诊断方法发展方向进行了概述,其中病原学诊断技术主要包括病毒分离、RT-PCR、等温扩增技术等,血清学诊断包括ELISA、免疫荧光法和免疫组织化学技术等,近年来基于高通量测序的宏基因组技术也成功应用于WNF的诊断与研究,新技术的创新及其在疫病检测上的应用将极大地促进WNF的检测和防控技术的发展。

West Nile fever(WNF)is an infectious zoonotic ailment engendered by the West Nile virus(WNV),predominantly disseminated via mosquito bites.The clinical presentation of this malady includes symptoms like fever,rash,and lymphadenopathy,with a potential to affect the central nervous system,leading to encephalitic manifestations.Humans demonstrate considerable vulnerability and a relatively elevated mortality rate associated with this disease.Presently,the absence of efficacious vaccines or specific therapeutic agents for WNF necessitates the importance of prompt,accurate,and timely diagnostic procedures for effective patient management and curtailing the swift spread of epidemics.This review delineates the recent advancements WNV detection technologies and the evolving landscape of diagnostic methodologies.Principal etiological diagnostic approaches comprise virus isolation,RT-PCR,and isothermal amplification,whereas serological diagnostics include techniques like ELISA,immunofluorescence,and immunohistochemistry.Additionally,the advent of metagenomics,underpinned by high-throughput sequencing,has been effectively utilized in the diagnosis and exploration of WNF in recent years.The ongoing innovation in novel technologies and their integration into disease detection are pivotal in augmenting the progression of WNF detection and preventive strategies.