摘要
随着我国居民家庭规模的缩小和人口流动性的增强,家庭照料已难以应对农村老年人的养老服务需求。同时,现行的养老服务政策尚未深入农村,导致农村老人难以获得专业的养老服务。我国农村养老服务需与中国农村社会基础相融合,才能有效满足实际需求。本文以J市为例,从政策、组织和文化三个方面讨论养老服务制度设计与乡土社会的社会基础之间的关系,探讨专业化服务体系如何与我国农村原有的家庭养老、亲属邻里或社区互助等社会基础实现有效衔接,以更有效地服务农村老人。在政策层面,J市的长期护理保险整合了村庄的多元化筹资方式,同时民政部门对农村自发建立的养老机构提供建设与运营补贴,这使得农村养老机构得以建设并持续运营。组织衔接方面,正式专业机构和服务组织能够嵌入农村社区,但尚未完成与非正式照料的衔接。而文化衔接方面情况较为复杂,崇尚孝道和家庭养老的地方文化与专业服务的政策理念之间存在冲突,政策理念与地方文化之间存在张力,文化衔接尚需加强。从J市的案例中可以看出,政策、组织和文化三方面的衔接可以帮助养老服务政策更好地传递给老人及其家庭,特别是在资源相对匮乏、财政投入有限的农村地区,公共服务政策与本地社会基础相结合并建立有效衔接机制,能够更好地支持不同主体发挥作用,让公共服务传递达到事半功倍的效果。
With the shrinking of family sizes and increasing of population mobility,family care can no longer meet the needs of rural elderly people for care services.Public elderly care services are also diffi-cult to implement in rural areas,limiting the quality of life for rural elderly people.Rural elderly care services need to be integrated with the social bases of rural areas.This article takes J city as a case study to discuss the cohesion between the formal elderly care system and the social bases of rural society from three aspects:policy,organization,and culture.From the case of J city,we can see that the cohesion of policies,organizations,and culture can improve the delivery of formal elderly care service to the elderly and their families,especially in rural areas where resources are relatively scarce,and financial investment is limited.If public service policy formulation is combined with local social bases and a cohesion mecha-nism is established,it can better support different entities in fulfilling their roles and achieve maximize the efficiency of public service delivery.
出处
《中国农业大学学报(社会科学版)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期75-89,共15页
Journal of China Agricultural University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国特色农村养老服务体系建设研究”(24BSH177)。
关键词
农村养老服务
社会基础
农村社区
地方文化
Rural elderly care services
Social bases
Rural community
Local culture